摘要
21世纪以来,"优先保护权利人"逐渐发展成为我国诉讼时效司法裁判甚至诉讼时效司法解释制定的指导理念,并可能甚至已经影响民事基本立法。虽然"优先保护权利人"诉讼时效理念对于诉讼时效规则相对简陋和粗糙、部分诉讼时效规则对权利人不利、国人过于追求"欠债还钱"和信用缺失现象严重等现实状况,具有"回应"和"矫正"的功能,但其自身也有致命的缺陷:在理论上,其可能冲击诉讼时效根据、否定时效抗辩权;在制度上,其可能与相关时效规则和诉讼规则发生冲突;在实践上,其可能带来法律适用不统一、判决论证与说服"教条化"等风险。我们应当摒弃"优先"理念,树立"平衡"理念,注重在对诉讼时效规则的设计中实现权利人利益与义务人利益的精致平衡。
Since the beginning of 21 st century, the idea of "protecting right-holders firstly"has gradually developed into the guiding principle of judicial judgments and even judicial interpretations of the limitation of action in China, and can even affect the legislation of basic civil law in the future. This idea has the functions of "response" and "correction" to the reality of the relatively rugged and rough rules of the limitation of actions, the disadvantage of some rules of the limitation of action to the right-holders, the excessive pursuit of "repaying debts" and domestic bad credit, but it also has fatal defects. The fatal defects include that there are theoretical dilemmas such as eroding the basis of the limitation of action and denying the right of defense against the limitation of action, that the idea leads to its institutional conflicts with relevant rules of limitation of action and procedural rules, and that in practice, it may bring some risks such as inconsistent application of law,"dogmatization" of judgment’s demonstration and persuasion. We should abandon the so-called "protecting right-holders firstly" idea, establish a "balanced" idea, and focus on striking the delicate balance between the interests of the right-holders and those of the obligors in the design of the rules of the limitation of action.
出处
《法制与社会发展》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第4期121-135,共15页
Law and Social Development
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“诉讼时效立法疑难问题研究”(13BFX079)的阶段性成果
关键词
诉讼时效
优先保护权利人
《诉讼时效规定》
《民法总则》
民法典
Limitation of Action
Protecting Right-holders Firstly
Rules of the Limitation of Action
General Principles of Civil Law
Civil Code
作者简介
霍海红,浙江大学光华法学院教授、博士生导师,国家"2011计划"·司法文明协同创新中心研究员。
