摘要
进入信息深度挖掘应用的大数据时代,个人信息的使用价值日益凸显,在暴利驱动下,通过非法使用个人信息变现牟利是诱发当前个人信息泛在泄露、违规交易乱象的深层次原因。然而,我国现行侵犯公民个人信息罪规定的行为类型仅限于非法获取、出售、提供个人信息代表的转移行为,并未将非法使用个人信息的行为纳入规制范围,造成刑事规制漏洞。非法使用个人信息行为具有严重的法益侵害性,为周延保护个人信息法益,成立侵犯公民个人信息罪应从非法转移环节延伸至非法使用环节。具体而言,我国刑法应以数据合规为着眼点,参考许可使用、匿名使用、合理使用等多元化的个人信息合规使用方式,并借鉴域外立法对非法使用个人信息行为予以刑事处罚之先例,在遵循谦抑性原则的前提下,以未征得信息主体同意且情节严重作为形式入罪的不法要件,以合理努力标准下去识别化处理与合理预期场景下优越利益豁免作为实质出罪的违法阻却事由,据此合理确定非法使用个人信息行为刑事规制的边界。
In the era of big data of information deep mining application,the use value of personal information is increasingly prominent.Driven by thehuge profits,the problem of illegal use of personal information is becomingmore and more serious.The deep-seated reason of inducing the current wide-spread leakage of personal information and illegal trading chaos is to makeprofits through illegal use of personal information.However,the current typesof behavior of the crime of infringing personal information of citizens are limitedto the transfer behavior of illegally obtaining,selling and providing personal in-formation representatives,which does not include the illegal use of personal in-formation in the scope of regulation,resulting in loopholes in criminal regula-tion.The illegal use of personal information has a serious infringement of legalinterests.In order to protect the legal interests of personal information,the es-tablishment of the crime of infringing personal information of citizens should beextended from the illegal transfer to the illegal use.Specifically,China’s crimi-nal law should focus on data compliance,refer to multiple ways of using per-sonal information such as permission,anonymity and reasonable use,and learnfrom the precedent of criminal punishment for illegal use of personal informa-tion by foreign legislation.Under the premise of following the principle of mod-esty,it is not allowed to enter the crime without the consent of the informationsubject and the serious circumstances Legal elements,with reasonable effortsto identify the standard processing and reasonable expectations under the sceneof superior interests exemption as the substantial crime of the illegal obstacles,based on which a reasonable determination of the criminal regulation of illegaluse of personal information boundary.
出处
《网络信息法学研究》
2020年第2期-,共22页
Journal of Cyber and Information Law
基金
中国政法大学网络法学研究院网络法治理论研究项目资助成果
关键词
个人信息
非法使用
数据合规
刑事规制
Personal Information
Illegal Use
Compliance Use
Consent of Information Subject
De-identification Processing
Immunity from Superior Interests
作者简介
刘双阳,东南大学法学院博士研究生
