摘要
涤除制度起源于法国,旨在抵押物流转后阻断抵押权的追及效力。在抵押物的价值低于被担保债权时,涤除制度的缺失将导致抵押物难以流转。在涤除程序中,如果可以保障抵押物以市场价格转让,则可平衡各方利益,实现物的使用价值和经济价值。为此,法国法一方面规定涤除金额为受让人受让价金(或者无偿受让人的提议价格);另一方面,抵押权人认为涤除金额不足的,可以启动公开拍卖程序。实践中,涤除的适用率很低,但这并不能否认其制度价值,因为涤除权的预防功能大于它的实际价值。在实务中,当事人一般会选择制度成本更为低廉的“协议涤除”,即在公证人的协助下抵押债权人放弃涤除,接受价金物上代位。立法者吸收实务经验,于2006年将“协议涤除”纳入民法典,并规定只有在协议不成时,才适用传统涤除程序。涤除与“协议涤除”相配合,较好地平衡了各方利益、实现了物尽其用。我国《民法典》承认抵押物的自由流转,未赋予抵押物受让人涤除权,《民法典》相关制度不能完整、高效地代替涤除制度的功能。
The system of the acceptor of collateral’s request to eliminate the mortgage(purge)originated in France,which aims to block the effect of the retroactive mortgage after the transfer of the mortgaged property.When the value of the mortgaged property is lower than that of the secured creditor’s right,the lack of the purgation system will lead to the difficulty of the circulation of the mortgaged property.In the process of removal,if the collateral can be transferred at the market price,the interests of all parties can be balanced,and the use value and economic value of the collateral can be realized.Therefore,on the one hand,French law stipulates that the sum of purgation is the price of the assignee(or the price proposed by the voluntary assignee);on the other hand,if the mortgagee thinks that the sum of purgation is insufficient,it may initiate the public auction procedure.In practice,the application rate of purge is very low,but this cannot deny its institutional value,because the preventive function of purge is greater than its actual value.In practice,the parties generally choose the“agreement purge”with lower system cost,that is,with the help of the notary to reach the agreement of subrogation of the mortgage creditor's price.In 2006,the legislators absorbed practical experiences and incorporated the“agreement purgation”into the civil code,and stipulated that the traditional purgation procedure should be applied only when the agreement failed.The combination of“agreement purgation”and“purgation”has better balanced the interests of all parties and made the best use of everything.The Civil Code of our country recognizes the free circulation of the mortgaged property,but does not endow the mortgaged property assignee with the purge.The relevant systems of the civil code cannot completely and efficiently replace the function of the purgation system.
出处
《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》
2023年第3期151-160,共10页
Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)
基金
2021年度福建省社会科学基金项目“比较法视野下抵押物转让规则研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:FJ2021B058
关键词
抵押权
追及效力
涤除权
协议涤除
价金物上代位
mortgage
tracing effect
right of elimination
agreement purgation
substitution of mortgage sale money
作者简介
韩京京,法学博士,福州大学法学院讲师,北京航空航天大学法学院博士后流动站研究人员。
