摘要
在网络犯罪案件复杂化、传统犯罪案件网络化的背景下,每个案件都可能涉及电子证据取证,而具有数据占有优势与数据技术优势的第三方网络平台,逐渐在电子证据取证中成为重要的参与力量。可以基于以下三个维度进行方案:一是学理维度,立足于犯罪控制与人权保障的目的,第三方网络平台的配合源于对公民基本权利保障的法律义务以及维护社会公共利益的社会责任,并顺应电子证据特性侦查的实际形势需要。二是规范释义维度,第三方网络平台配合电子证据取证的目的,在于追求客观真实,制定技术性指引,并明确取证程序的启动与执行。三是实践维度,第三方网络平台配合电子证据取证中出现界限模糊、程序宽泛、角色颠倒以及监督缺失等现象,不利于刻画电子证据取证中第三方网络平台配合的规范愿景,也可能造成同一主体以及不同主体间的义务冲突与利益减损。针对此类溢出风险,须厘清电子证据取证中第三方网络平台的配合前提,通过具体场景指引适用,并以数据分类为导向构建不同层级的审批程序,明确程序执行中第三方网络平台的辅助角色,以期解决第三方网络平台配合电子证据取证时的“后顾之忧”,实现电子证据取证兼具质量和效率的执行。
In the context of increasingly complex cybercrime cases and the digital transformation of traditional crimes,every case may involve electronic evidence collection.Third-party online platforms,which have advantages in data possession and data technology,are gradually becoming crucial participants in electronic evidence collection.First,from a theoretical perspective,guided by the objectives of crime control and human rights protection,the cooperation of third-party online platforms stems from their legal obligation to safeguard citizens'fundamental rights and their social responsibilities to uphold public interests,while also aligning with the practical demands of investigations tailored to the characteristics of electronic evidence.Second,in terms of regulatory interpretation,the purpose of third-party online platforms'cooperation in electronic evidence collection is to pursue objective authenticity,establish technical guidelines,and clarify the initiation and execution of evidence collection procedures.Third,from a practical perspective,issues such as ambiguous boundaries,overly broad procedures,role inversion,and oversight deficiencies have emerged in third-party online platforms'cooperation in electronic evidence collection.These challenges not only hinder the establishment of an ornative vision for third-party online platform to assist in electronic evidence collection,but also may lead to conflicts of obligations and diminished interests both within a single entity and among different entities.To address such risks of overreach,it is essential to clarify the preconditions for third-party online platform to cooperate in electronic evidence collection.This should be achieved through scenario-specific guidance on applicability,coupled with the establishment of tiered approval procedures based on data classification.The auxiliary role of third-party online platforms during procedural execution must be explicitly defined.Such measures aim to alleviate third-party platforms'concerns regarding their cooperation in electronic evidence collection,thereby ensuring both quality and efficiency in electronic evidence collection.
出处
《东方法学》
北大核心
2025年第5期35-47,共13页
Oriental Law
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“未成年人刑事实体与程序衔接路径研究”(项目批准号:21BFX182)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
电子证据取证
第三方平台配合
比例原则
利益衡量
程序正义
数据分类审批
electronic evidence collection
third-party online platform cooperation
proportionality principle
benefit measurement
procedural justice
data classification and approval
作者简介
自正法,重庆大学法学院教授、博士生导师。
