内外在体系视角下所有权保留制度构造论

The Structural Theory of Retention of Title from the Perspective of Internal and External Systems

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摘要《民法典》新增第642—643条关于所有权保留制度引发学界争议,司法实践遭受“同案不同判”之困扰。基于内外在体系的双重分析,所有权构造论更契合我国法律体系。外在体系下,所有权保留制度可以纳入物权行为附停止条件的模式;内在体系下,其既贯彻了意思自治原则,又能保障当事人担保价金债权之功能。在教义学层面能够提供更加一致且合理的法律解释模型,在买受人不能支付价款时出卖人行使取回权的同时通过赋予买受人回赎权、引入期待权兼顾买受人利益。与此同时,双方当事人的处分权、破产或接受强制执行时其利益状态等争议均能得到妥当解决。文章还进一步分析了登记对抗、正常经营买受人、超级优先权等具体规则在内外在协调性方面存在的法律漏洞,并提出相应的法律续造路径。 The newly added Articles 642-643 of the Civil Code concerning the retention of title system have sparked academic debate,while judicial practice suffers from inconsistent rulings in similar cases.Through a dual analysis of internal and external systems,the ownership structural theory proves more compatible with China's legal framework.From the external system perspective,the retention of title can be incorporated into the model of conditional real rights acts.From the internal system perspective,it not only implements the principle of autonomy of will but also safeguards the parties'functional interest in securing payment claims.At the doctrinal level,this approach provides a more consistent and reasonable legal interpretation model.When the buyer fails to make payment,while granting the seller the right of repossession,the system balances buyer interests through redemption rights and the introduction of expectancy rights.Furthermore,the disposition rights of both parties and their respective interests in bankruptey or compulsory enforcement scenarios can be properly addressed.The article also examines legal gaps in specific rules such as registration opposition,buyers in ordinary course of business,and super-priority from the perspective of internal-external system coordination,proposing corresponding paths for legal development.

作者席志国李雯 XI Zhiguo;LI Wen(Civil Commercial and Economic Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出处《浙江工商大学学报》北大核心 2025年第4期85-95,共11页 Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University

基金北京市社会科学基金重点项目“农村集体经济组织法视野下宅基地‘三权分置’的北京模式研究”(24FXA003)。

关键词所有权保留内在体系外在体系所有权构造论期待权 retention of title internal system external system ownership structural theory expectancy right

分类号 D923.2 [政治法律—民商法学]

作者简介席志国,男,中国政法大学民商经济法学院教授,博士生导师,法学博士,主要从事民法学、土地与自然资源法、数据法研究;李雯,女,中国政法大学民商经济法学院博士研究生,主要从事民法学研究。