摘要
为了测定3种蔬菜尾菜分别与玉米秸秆青贮料、精料间最优组合效应(AE),本研究采用单因子试验设计,利用体外产气法,首先将绿豆衣、大蒜皮、茄子皮分别与玉米秸秆青贮料100:0、75:25、50:50、25:75、0:100下发酵,筛选出3种尾菜与青贮的最佳组合效应配比;然后,以此最佳配比作为一种混合粗饲料与商品精料按0:100、50:50、60:40、70:30、80:20、100:0配比发酵培养。记录0、2、4、6、9、12、24、36、48、72 h的产气量,按照一个指数方程式分析计算出快速产气量、缓慢产气量、潜在产气量及产气速度常数。利用72 h产气量和各组合的加权估算值计算出产气量的组合效应值。结果表明:绿豆衣:青贮为25:75、大蒜皮:青贮75:25、茄子皮:青贮50:50时,饲料组合效应值极显著或显著高于(P<0.01或P<0.05)其他两个配比组。3种混合粗饲料(即绿豆衣:青贮=25:75,大蒜皮:青贮=75:25,茄子皮:青贮=50:50)与精料不同配比发酵后结果表明,绿豆衣的快速产气量(a)、48和72 h产气量的AE,70:30组均显著高于80:20、60:40、50:50组(P<0.05)。大蒜皮的缓慢产气量(b)、潜在产气量(a+b),60:40、0:100组分别显著、极显著高于100:0、80:20、50:50组(P<0.05,P<0.01);大蒜皮48、72 h产气量的AE,60:40组显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。茄子皮的a值,48、72 h产气量的AE,80:20组分别极显著、显著高于其他3组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。当绿豆衣:玉米秸秆青贮料:精料=17.5:52.5:30.0、大蒜皮:玉米秸秆青贮料:精料=45:15:40、茄子皮:玉米秸秆青贮料:精料=40:40:20时,饲粮的组合效应值最大。3种配比饲喂动物后对生产性能的影响,还需动物饲养试验进行验证。
This research used in vitro gas production(GP)when feed samples were incubated with rumen fluid of donor Han sheep,to explore the optimal associative effects(AE)when mixing maize(Zea mays)straw silage,feed concentrate,and commercial waste and peel of one of three different vegetables:mung bean(Vigna radiata),garlic(Allium sativum),or eggplant(Solanum melongena).First,the different vegetable wastes were screened as mixtures with maize straw silage at ratios of 100∶0,75∶25,50∶50,25∶75,0∶100.For each vegetable waste,the maize straw silage mixture with the best AE was regarded as a mixed roughage that was combined with a commercial concentrate at ratios of 0∶100,50∶50,60∶40,70∶30,80∶20,100∶0.The GP was recorded at 0,2,4,6,9,12,24,36,48,72 hours.From exponential curve fitting of the GP time series data,the fast GP,slow GP,and an exponential GP constant were calculated.The GP72h and weighted estimated values of each combination were used to calculate the value of AE of GP.The results showed that the AE value were significantly or extremely significantly higher(P<0.01,P<0.05)than the other two groups when peel of mung bean,garlic or eggplant was combined with maize straw silage at ratios of 25∶75,75∶25,50∶50,respectively.When these three mixed roughages were combined with concentrate at different ratios,for the 25∶75 mung bean waste:maize straw silage it was found that the fast GP,the AE of GP at 48 and 72 hours of 70∶30 ratio were significantly higher than 80∶20,60∶40,50∶50 groups(P<0.05).For the 75∶25 garlic peel∶maize silage mixed roughage,the slow GP and potential GP of the 60∶40,0∶100 concentrate groups were significantly or extremely significantly higher than 100∶0,80∶20 and 50∶50 groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).Also,the AE value of GP at 48 and 72 hours of 60∶40 concentrate mixture of garlic peel mixed roughage were significantly higher than the other three groups(P<0.05).For the eggplant peel mixed roughage,the 80∶20 mixture with concentrate had a significantly higher fast GP and AE value of GP at 48 and 72 hours than the other three groups(P<0.01,P<0.05).In summary,optimal dietary AE was obtained with a 17.5∶52.5∶30.0 ratio of mung bean peel∶corn straw silage∶concentrate;with a 45∶15∶40 ratio of garlic peel∶corn straw silage∶concentrate;and with a 40∶40∶20 mixture of eggplant peel∶corn straw silage∶concentrate.However,a caveat is that these in vitro results still need to be validated by animal feeding experiments to confirm that they hold good for predicting the performance of animals.
作者
袁玖
YUAN Jiu(College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《草业学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期173-184,共12页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
甘肃农业大学学科团队项目(GAU-XKTD-2022-20)资助。
关键词
绿豆衣
大蒜皮
茄子皮
玉米秸秆青贮料
精料
组合效应
体外产气法
mung bean peel
garlic peel
eggplant peel
corn straw silage
concentrate
associative effects
in vitro gas production method
作者简介
袁玖(1980-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,副教授,硕士。E-mail:511370041@qq.com。
