摘要
在明清制义理论中,虚字往往被视为实现“代圣贤口气”文体要求的关键。制义认题遵循着由实字求“题理实义”、由虚字审“题情虚神”的基本思路,后者构成想象特定语境下圣贤的神态情感、说话语气乃至心理活动的主要手段。通过对题句中神情虚字采取相应的轻重缓急的不同吟咏方法,能够实现对圣贤神情口气的体验式模仿还原。在制义写作中,摹拟题句内神情虚字的明取口气法是摹肖圣贤口气的一种简便路径,同时也招致不少文家的批评,“虚字实做”等暗取口气法由此亦受推崇。具有内生属性的明清制义虚字神情理论,作为一种公共普通知识,对清代文章声气相关理论和明清古文虚字神情批评话语的形成亦具有基础性的启发意义。
The empty words(xuzi虚字)are often regarded as the key to satisfying the stylistic requirement of“imitating tones”(dai kouqi代口气)in eight-part essay’s theory in Ming and Qing Dynasties.The action of analyzing the titles of eight-part essay follows the basic thinking of finding the“certain giri”(shiyi实义)from content words(shizi实字)and the“empty expressions”(xushen虚神)from empty words,and the latter becomes the main means to imagining the sages’expressions,emotions,speech tones and even mental activities in a specific context.Through different chanting methods to the empty words in title texts,it is possible to achieve an experiential restoration and imitation of the expressions and tones of the sages.The manifest method,which means simulating the empty words of the title texts,is a simple way to imitate the tones of sages in writing process,meanwhile,it is also criticized by many writing theorists,and then some obscure methods,such as“interpreting empty words in pragmatic way”(xuzi shizuo虚字实做)becomes highly prized.As a kind of common publicknowledge,the eight-part essay’s endogenous theory of the expressions based on empty words,has fundamental enlightening significance to the formation of the literary writing theory of voice and breath(shengqi声气)in Qing Dynasty,and the essay’s critical discourse of expressions with empty words in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
作者
周明初
曾维权
Zhou Mingchu;Zeng Weiquan(School of Literature,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)
出处
《浙江社会科学》
北大核心
2025年第9期117-132,159,共17页
Zhejiang Social Sciences
关键词
制义代口气
圣贤神情
虚字
古文声气论
虚字神情批评
imitate tones in the eight-part essay
the sages’expressions
empty words
the literary writing theory of voice and breath
the essay critical discourse of expressions with empty words
作者简介
周明初,浙江大学文学院教授;曾维权,浙江大学文学院博士研究生。(杭州310058)。
