摘要
经过近二十年的发展历史,重大决策社会稳定风险评估从维护稳定的初始功能逐渐演进为科学决策的重要载体和中国民主决策的法定程序,形成了秩序价值、科学价值、民主价值于一体的三重驱动。在横向主体结构上,重大决策社会风险评估逐步引入第三方评估机构和评审专家,构建起集监管部门、决策机关、第三方机构、专家于一体的主体制衡结构。公众意见的效力、公众参与范围与渠道、公众参与效能等技术规范有力保障了重大决策社会稳定风险评估的价值实现。责任追究、考核评价、行业协会评查等监督激励机制使得重大决策社会稳定风险评估成为“强指令”,确保其在各级各地得到强有力的贯彻实行。为了进一步发挥重大决策社会风险评估的价值功能,应围绕第三方机构中立性、专家独立性作出法治回应,要以技术制度来保障公众参与最大化,探索以专题性立法全面提升风险评估的工作质效,在法治框架下统筹群众感知的“利害”与法律评价的“是非”之间的价值张力。重大决策社会稳定风险评估的法治意义不仅在于成为防范化解重大矛盾风险的预防性法律制度,更在于为提升平安建设各领域的法治化水平提供路径借鉴和普遍参考。
After nearly two decades of development history,The Major Decision⁃making Social Stability Risk Assessment have gradually evolved from their initial function of maintaining stability to an important carrier of scientific decision⁃making and a legal procedure for democratic decision⁃making in China,forming a triple driving force that integrates the values of order,science,and democracy.In terms of horizontal subject structure,The Major Decision⁃making Social Stability Risk Assessment gradually introduces third⁃party evaluation institutions and review experts,and constructs a subject balance structure that integrates regulatory departments,decision⁃making bodies,third⁃party institutions,and experts.The technical norms that includes the effectiveness of public opinion,the scope and channels of public participation,and the effectiveness of public participation effectively ensure the realization of the value of social stability risk assessment in major decision⁃making.The supervision and incentive mechanisms such as accountability,assessment and evaluation,and industry association review have made The Major Decision⁃making Social Stability Risk Assessment a'strong directive',ensuring its strong implementation at all levels and in various regions.In order to further leverage the value function of The Major Decision⁃making Social Stability Risk Assessment,a legal response should be made around the neutrality of third⁃party institutions and the independence of experts.Technical systems should be used to ensure maximum public participation,and thematic legislation should be explored to comprehensively improve the quality and efficiency of risk assessment work.The value tension between the perceived'interests'of the masses and the'right and wrong'of legal evaluation should be coordinated under the framework of the rule of law.The legal significance of The Major Decision⁃making Social Stability Risk Assessment lies not only in becoming a preventive legal system for preventing and resolving major conflicts and risks,but also in providing a path reference and universal reference for improving the level of rule of law in various fields of peace construction.
出处
《法治研究》
北大核心
2025年第5期119-134,共16页
Research on Rule of Law
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“民主决策的中国式探索:重大决策社会稳定风险评估的理论与方法”(项目编号:23FGLB010)阶段性成果。
关键词
决策程序
重大决策
风险评估
权力制衡
decision⁃making process
major decision⁃making
risk assessment
balance of power
作者简介
邵安,浙江警察学院枫桥经验与社会治理研究院院长、教授,公共管理学博士。
