摘要
基于陇中黄土高原甘谷县谢村的田野调查发现,2000年之后,劳动力大量外流,非农收入逐渐成为农民收入的主要来源之一。生计非农化农民对土地的生存性依赖降低,村内的人口环境压力随之减小。这些变化为黄土高原地区的农业发展转型和生态环境恢复提供了空间和契机。在退耕还林政策的推动以及林果业市场发展的驱动下,花椒、苹果等特色经济林被大面积种植。特色林果业的发展不仅提高了村民的经济收入,而且在一定程度上增加了植被覆盖面积,改善了植被覆盖结构,从而减缓了水土流失,有利于该地区的生态恢复。因此,在进一步促进生计非农化转变的同时,引导农业发展模式的转变,是黄土高原等生态脆弱区经济发展与生态恢复协同共进的可行之路。
Based on the field investigation in Xie Village,Gangu County on the Loess Plateau of Central Gansu,it was found that after the year 2000 a large number of rural laborers migrated to cities,and non-agricultural income has gradually become the primary source of income for farmers.The nonagriculturalization of livelihoods has reduced farmers'survival dependence on land,and the population and environmental pressure within the village has consequently decreased.These changes have provided space and opportunities for the transformation of agricultural development and the restoration of the ecological environment in the Loess Plateau region.Driven by the promotion of the policy of returning farmland to forest and the development of the forest and fruit industry market,characteristic economic forests such as Chinese prickly ash and apples have been planted in a large area.The development of characteristic forest fruit industry has not only increased the villagers'economic income,but also increased the vegetation coverage area to a certain extent and improved the vegetation coverage structure,thus slowing down soil erosion and being beneficial to the ecological environment restoration in this region.Therefore,while further promoting the transformation of non-agricultural livelihoods,guiding the transformation of the agricultural development model is a feasible way for the coordinated progress of economic development and ecological restoration in ecologically fragile areas such as the Loess Plateau.
基金
安徽省高等学校人文社会科学研究项目“乡村振兴战略下现代农业绿色发展的动力机制及可行路径研究”(编号:SK2021A0082)。
关键词
黄土高原
人口外流
生计转变
特色农业产业
绿色发展
Loess Plateau
population outflow
livelihood transformation
characteristic agricultural industries
green development
作者简介
林蓉,博士,讲师,研究方向为环境社会学。E-mail:linrongdida@163.com。
