摘要
文章通过梳理中国21世纪以来劳动力迁移新特征和政策演变,综述影响劳动力迁移决策的因素。结果显示,尽管决定微观个体劳动力迁移决策的因素较多且各不相同,现有研究主要关注迁出地土地要素的制约作用,迁入地收入因素的吸引作用,以及迁入迁出地间移民网络的桥梁作用。近10年,城乡融合和区域平衡的包容性发展弱化了迁出迁入地的"推拉"作用,经济高质量发展阶段则要求迁移和流动方式从低技能劳动力的单向迁移向高素质人才的双向流动转变。因此,劳动力迁移政策已从是否允许劳动力迁移转向如何促进劳动力、人才畅通有序流动,这对未来劳动力迁移和流动提出了新挑战。据此,文章从现实背景和重点问题两方面切入,提出未来中国劳动力迁移和流动可能的研究方向。
This paper summarizes the new features of labor migration and its policy evolutions in China in the 21st century,and it reviews on the factors affecting individual migration decisions.Although various factors are relevant in individuals’migration decision,existing studies focus on the constraining effect of land tenure in the origin,the attracting effect of income factor in the destination,and the bridging effect of migration network between origin and destination.In recent 10 years,the inclusive development of rural-urban reconciliation and regional balance has weakened the"push"and"pull"effects between origin and destination places,and the high-quality development stage has transformed the migration mode from one-way migration of low-skilled workers to two-way mobilities of highly qualified talents.Therefore,migration policy has shifted from the focus of restricting migration to promoting unobstructed and orderly migration,which will bring challenges of labor migration in the future.The paper points out directions for future research on labor migration in China from perspectives of the reality and key issues.
出处
《中国人口科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期117-125,128,共10页
Chinese Journal of Population Science
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目:“新兴技术与消费需求分化冲击下的中国劳动力流动规律及其社会经济影响”(编号:72034006)的阶段性成果
作者简介
姚先国,浙江大学公共管理学院,教授;冯履冰,浙江大学公共管理学院,博士研究生;周明海,宁波诺丁汉大学人文与社会科学学院,副教授。
