摘要
目的 基于2022年开展的南京市长期护理保险专题调查研究,探讨长期护理居家养老护理员专业化建设现状,具体分析长期护理保险居家养老护理员专业化建设过程中存在的问题及原因,并尝试提出合适的完善建议,提升居家养老模式服务能力。方法 采用滚雪球抽样的方式,选取南京市7个行政区(鼓楼区、溧水区、高淳区、建邺区、雨花台区、栖霞区、玄武区)作为样本区域,面向居家养老护理员开展问卷调查。问卷内容包括护理员基本信息(性别、年龄、学历等)、专业技能掌握情况、职业培训经历、职业认同感、职业发展意愿等方面。调查共回收问卷1417份,剔除无效问卷后,最终纳入1 363份有效问卷进行统计分析。结果 调查显示:专业技能方面,80.70%护理员依赖短期培训(80.04%培训时间<2周),培训内容侧重基础照料(91.88%),而急救(61.61%)等专业技能薄弱;专业意愿方面,服务取向动机和学习动机占主导(65.07%),但57.81%认为社会地位低阻碍职业吸引力;专业发展方面,57.66%处于非正规就业状态,仅24.58%享有养老保险,激励机制偏重短期表扬(51.06%)而忽视职业发展(培训机会46.44%)。结论 专业需求与培训不足、职业认同提升但社会地位亟待提高、职业保障和发展不乐观,导致居家养老护理员职业稳定性和忠诚度不高,是制约其专业化建设的棘手挑战,需要进一步增强专业培训、社会地位和职业保障,提升居家养老护理员专业化程度。
Objective Based on a special investigation and research on long-term care insurance conducted in Nanjing in 2022,this study aims to explore the current status of professional development among home-based long-term care nursing staff and analyze the insufficient level of professionalism and the reasons for this issue in the process of building professionalism in home-based long-term care under long-term care insurance.The study also attempts to propose appropriate improvement suggestions to enhance the service capacity of home-based elderly care models.Methods A snowball sampling method was adopted to recruit 1363 valid questionnaires from home-based elderly care nurses across seven districts in Nanjing(Gulou,Lishui,Gaochun,Jianye,Yuhuatai,Qixia,and Xuanwu).The survey covered caregivers’demographics(gender,age,education),professional skills,training experiences,occupational identity,and career development aspirations.Results Key findings include:Professional skills 80.70%of caregivers relied on short-term training(80.04%with<2 weeks’duration),with training content skewed toward basic care(91.88%)rather than critical skills like emergency response(61.61%);Professional motivation altruistic service orientation dominated(65.07%),yet 57.81%perceived low social status as a major deterrent to career attractiveness;Career development 57.66%were in informal employment status,only 24.58%had pension insurance,and incentive mechanisms prioritized short-term recognition(51.06%verbal praise)over career advancement opportunities(46.44%training).Conclusion These challenges contribute to low occupational stability and loyalty among nursing staff.To address these challenges,it is necessary to enhance professional training, social status, and occupational security, ultimately improving the level of professionalism amongnursing staff.
作者
李帅龙
崔秀娟
周建平
唐文熙
LI Shuai-Long;CUI Xiu-Juan;ZHOU Jian-Ping;TANG Wen-Xi(Business School of International Medicine,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198,China;Department of Treatment and Security,Nanjing Medical Insurance Bureau,Nanjing 210000,China)
出处
《中国药物经济学》
2025年第5期33-38,42,共7页
China Journal of Pharmaceutical Economics
关键词
居家养老护理员
专业化建设
长期护理保险
Home-based elderly care workers
Specialization
Long-term care insurance
作者简介
通信作者:唐文熙,E-mail:tokammy@cpu.edu.cn。
