摘要
地方人大“授权决定”的性质与作用空间,是地方立法中的重要理论问题和实践问题。地方人大在推进改革试点、保障重大会议筹备以及应对突发事件时,常通过“授权决定”授权地方政府采取临时性措施。针对这些实践,学界对地方人大授权立法的合法性展开了讨论,形成了肯定说和否定说两种对立的观点。基于结构功能主义理论,在地方立法实践中存在着两种不同性质的地方人大“授权决定”:授权立法性质的“授权决定”和地方立法权限划分性质的“授权决定”。这两种性质的“授权决定”各有其理论依据和作用空间。前者以立法权转移说为依据,地方人大可以通过授权将其立法权限转移给地方政府,尤其是在涉及“减损公民、法人和其他组织权利或者增加其义务”的事项上。后者则以“法律保留+选择性立法+行政保留”的立法权限划分理论为依据,地方人大据此可以通过“授权决定”在“选择性立法”和“行政保留”领域内划分立法权限,从而增强地方立法的针对性和可操作性。上述理论框架不仅为地方立法实践提供了理论支持,也为地方立法体制的完善提出了可行的解决方案。
The nature and role of the“authorization decision”of the local people's congresses are important theoretical and practical issues in local legislation.When the local people's congresses promote pilot reforms,ensure preparations for major conferences,and respond to emergencies,they often authorize local governments to take temporary measures through“authorization decisions”.In view of these practices,the scholars have discussed the legitimacy of the legislation authorized by the local people's congresses,and two opposing views have been formed:the affirmative and negative view.Based on the theory of structural functionalism,there are two different types of“authorization decisions”of the local people's congresses in the practice of local legislation:“Authorization decisions”of the nature of authorized legislation and“authorization decisions”of the nature of division of local legislative powers.These two types of authorization decisions have their own theoretical basis and room for action.The former is based on the doctrine of transfer of legislative power,whereby the local people's congresses can transfer their legislative powers to local governments through authorization,especially in matters involving“derogation from the rights of citizens,legal persons and other organizations or an increase in their obligations”.The latter is based on the theory of the division of legislative powers into“legal reservation+selective legislation+administrative reservation”,according to which the local people's congress can divide the legislative powers in the field of“selective legislation”and“administrative reservation”through“authorized decisions”,so as to enhance the pertinence and operability of local legislation.The above theoretical framework not only provides theoretical support for the practice of local legislation,but also puts forward feasible solutions for the improvement of the local legislative system.
出处
《法学杂志》
北大核心
2025年第3期116-129,共14页
Law Science Magazine
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大攻关项目“中国共产党领导法治工作历程与经验研究”(项目编号:21JZD009)的研究成果。
关键词
“授权决定”
法律保留
立法权代理说
立法权转移说
授权立法
地方立法权限划分
authorization decisions
legal reservations
the legislative power agent said
the doctrine of transfer of legislative power
enabling legislation
division of local legislative authority
作者简介
门中敬(1970-),男,汉族,山东诸城人,上海政法学院上海司法研究所教授、博士生导师。
