摘要
近年来,格式条款被广泛应用于劳动合同领域,劳动者与用人单位就劳动合同格式条款发生争议的数量日益增多。然而,由于我国现行立法并未明确规定民法中的格式条款制度能否适用以及如何适用于劳动合同案件,导致司法实践中存在直接适用、论证后适用、论证后拒绝适用、回避适用等不同的裁判方式。我国劳动合同法存在立法漏洞、民法典基础性法律地位的落实、民法典格式条款制度与劳动合同法具有目的上的契合性,构成了格式条款制度适用于劳动合同争议处理的正当性依据。在具体适用过程中,应当以参照适用为基本模式,有必要明确格式条款效力审查的范围、引入可撤销之法律后果以及劳动合同格式条款被认定无效后允许当事人进行重新协商。在配套措施上,应进一步加强立法规制、构建多层次裁判指引体系、适当加大审查力度,最终实现格式条款制度在劳动合同法领域的规范适用。
In recent years,standard clauses have been widely applied in the field of labor contracts,and the number of disputes between laborers and employers regarding standard clauses in labor contracts has been increasing.However,since China's current legislation does not explicitly stipulate whether and how the standard clause system in civil law can be applied to the Labor Contract Law,judicial practice has seen different adjudication approaches,such as direct application,application after argumentation,refusal to apply after argumentation,and avoidance of application.The legislative loopholes in China's Labor Contract Law,the implementation of the fundamental legal status of the Civil Code,and the purposeful consistency between the standard clause system of the Civil Code and the Labor Contract Law constitute the justified basis for applying the standard clause system to the resolution of labor contract disputes.In the specific application process,the basic model should be"applicable by reference,"which requires clarifying the scope of validity review for standard clauses,introducing the legal consequence of revocability,and allowing parties to renegotiate after standard clauses in labor contracts are determined to be invalid.In terms of supporting measures,it is necessary to further strengthen legislative regulation,construct a multi-level adjudication guidance system,and appropriately increase the intensity of review,so as to ultimately achieve the standardized application of the standard clause system in the field of labor contract law.
出处
《中国应用法学》
2025年第3期16-27,共12页
China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence
关键词
民法典
格式条款
劳动合同法
参照适用模式
standard clauses
Labor Contract Law
application of the Civil Code
model of applicable by reference
作者简介
谭启平,西南政法大学民商法学院教授、博士生导师。
