摘要
纵观唐纳德·特朗普执政至今的国内外政策,涉及了政治、经济、国防、移民、外交等诸多问题,体现了"美国优先"的核心思想。与民主党奥巴马政府第一任期希拉里任国务卿时在南海问题上的高调有所不同,共和党特朗普政府在贸易问题上非常高调,似乎掩盖了其在南海问题上的政策行为,但我们必须认识到特朗普政府在南海问题上的政策表现。这主要包括:南海巡航定期化、频繁化,其捍卫美国在南海的军事行动可置信性的决心并不比前任政府弱;将南海问题与其他问题相挂钩,如南海问题与"美国优先"政策相挂钩,在南海问题、经贸问题、网络安全问题等方面实行挂钩政策;在印太战略背景下,凸显中国在南海的威胁,强化美国既有的安全同盟关系。美国特朗普政府南海政策的实质在于:以航行自由原则维护美国海上霸权;既有对奥巴马政府政策内涵的继承,也打上具有特朗普及其团队行事风格的政策独特性;权力炫耀与对美国的霸权护持。尽管如此,本文通过论证认为,我们仍应看到中美之间相互合作、相互依赖仍是主流,现阶段特朗普政府在南海的行动并不构成"全面遏制中国"的一部分。中国作为负责任的全球新兴大国,应当保持审慎的态度,避免与特朗普政府在南海问题上进行正面冲突,加大经济投入、重点发展海权,强化与南海周边国家的关系,加强海洋法律建设,加强海洋话语权的构建,努力保持战略定力,积极做好应对之策。
The domestic and foreign policies of the Trump administration —whether they concern politics,economy,national defense,immigration,diplomacy,or other issues—all reflect the core idea of'America first.'Unlike Hillary Clinton’s high profile approach to the South China Sea issue during her tenure as Secretary of State in the first Obama administration,the Trump administration’s high profile on trade seems to obscure its active actions on the South China Sea issue.Therefore,we must pay close attention to Trump’s South China Sea policies,which are manifested in a number of ways.The Trump administration conducts regular and more frequent freedom of navigation operations in the South China Sea,and Trump’s determination to defend the credibility of these U.S.military operations is no weaker than that of his predecessor.Trump has used a linkage approach to serve its'America first'policy by linking the South China Sea issue with other issues,such as economic and trade issues,and cyber security issues.Under the Indo-Pacific strategy,Trump has strengthened the existing U.S.security alliances to highlight China’s threat to the South China Sea.Two principles underline the Trump administration’s South China Sea policy.First,Trump sees the freedom of navigation as an important principle to maintain maritime hegemony,and while he has generally continued Obama’s basic approach,his actual policies are likely to vary as a result the style of Trump and his team,and the continuing developments in Sino-US relations.Second,the show of force can be used to maintain U.S.hegemony.Nevertheless,this paper argues that we should still recognize that mutual cooperation and mutual dependence between China and the U.S.remain the mainstream of bilateral relations and are consistent with the 'American first'principle.At the present stage,the Trump administration’s actions in the South China Sea do not constitute part of a comprehensive containment of China.As a responsible emerging global power,China should maintain a cautious attitude and avoid confrontation with the Trump administration over the South China Sea.At the same time,it should maintain strategic focus and take active countermeasures by increasing economic investments to build up its maritime capabilities,improving relations with countries around the South China Sea,and strengthening the construction of marine laws and its discursive weight in maritime affairs.
出处
《国际论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期88-102,157-158,共16页
International Forum
关键词
特朗普政府
南海问题
航行自由
美国优先
海上霸权护持
the Trump administration
the South China Sea issue
freedom of navigation
America first
maintaining maritime hegemony
作者简介
张蕾蕾,中国政法大学国际法专业2015级博士研究生。
