摘要
本研究以海南不同质地砖红壤(文昌市文城镇砂土、儋州市大成镇壤土、澄迈县永发镇黏土)为试验对象,探究番茄青枯病对海南不同质地砖红壤肥力的影响。青枯病发生后,比较处理组和对照组植株发病情况,以及比较处理组和对照组根系土壤的理化性质(pH、有机质-OM、有效氮-AN、有效磷-AP、有效钾-AK、孔隙度-SP、容重-BD、质量含水量-MWC)与酶活力(过氧化氢酶-CAT、过氧化物酶-POD、蔗糖酶-SC、脲酶-UE、酸性磷酸酶-ACP),分析青枯病发生与各指标的关系;通过Spearman相关性分析与冗余分析(RDA)确定土壤受番茄青枯病显著影响的肥力指标。结果表明:在3种质地土壤中,黏土青枯病发病率、病情指数最高,而壤土最低;3种质地土壤处理组的pH、AP、SP、POD均低于对照组,黏土处理组的AN、AK、MWC、UE均高于黏土对照组,而壤土处理组的CAT、ACP、MWC、BD高于对照组;Spearman相关性分析结果显示3种质地土壤的OM含量、AP含量、SP、POD活力均与发病率呈负相关,其中砂土的pH、ACP与发病率呈显著负相关(P<0.05),CAT、UE与青枯病发病率呈显著正相关(P<0.05);壤土的pH、OM、POD、UE与发病率呈显著负相关(P<0.05),CAT、ACP与发病率呈显著正相关(P<0.05);黏土的SP、POD活力与发病率呈显著负相关(P<0.05),AK含量与DI呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。RDA结果表明对照组与处理组的SP、OM与AN含量与UE相关性高,对照组与处理组的SP、AK分别与ACP、CAT相关性较高。青枯病发生后,砂土与壤土的对照组、处理组大部分肥力指标均低于黏土,但土壤肥力水平并不是青枯病发生的充分条件;尽管如此,土壤大部分肥力指标会因青枯病爆发而降低。砂土中青枯病发病率、病情指数低于黏土的可能原因是砂土的AP含量较高,壤土的青枯病发病率、病情指数最低主要由于较低的pH条件不适宜青枯菌生存。黏土青枯病病害情况最严重,其pH、氮素水平、质量含水量均适宜青枯菌的生长繁殖,而且潜在的有益微生物群落相对丰度也可能低于砂土与壤土。因此,不同质地土壤的青枯病防治措施应当因地制宜。本研究相关结论可为今后海南青枯病防治体系的建立提供理论依据。
The effect of bacterial wilt on the fertility of different textures of latosol in Hainan province(sand from Wencheng town,Wenchang city;loam from Dacheng town,Danzhou city;clay from Yongfa town,Chengmai county)was investigated.After the occurrence of bacterial wilt,the disease incidence,physicochemical indicators including pH,organic matter(OM),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),soil porosity(SP),bulk density(BD),mass water content(MWC)as well as enzyme activity indicators including catalase(CAT),peroxi-dase(POD),sucrase(SC),urease(UE)and acid phosphatase(ACP)of the soil inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum and blank control were compared to analyze the effects of bacterial wilt on various fertility indicators.Spearman corre-lation analysis and redundancy analysis(RDA)were used to determine the significant indicators affected by bacterial wilt in different soil textures.The results showed that the disease incidence and severity disease index in clay were the highest among the three soil textures,while those of loam were the lowest.In the inoculation treatments,pH,AP,SP and POD of the three soil textures were lower than those of the control,while AN,AK,MWC and UE of clay inocula-tion treatment were higher than those of the clay control.CAT,ACP,MWC and BD of loam inoculation treatment were higher than those of the loam control.Spearman correlation analysis results showed that OM content,AP content,SP and POD of the three texture soils were negatively correlated with disease incidence;ACP,pH and disease incidence in WCS were significantly negatively correlated(P<0.05)with disease incidence;CAT and UE were significantly posi-tively correlated(P<0.05)with disease incidence.In loam,pH,OM,POD and UE was significantly negatively corre-lated with disease incidence(P<0.05);while CAT and ACP were significantly positively correlated with disease inci-dence(P<0.05);SP and POD in clay were significantly negatively correlated with disease incidence(P<0.05);however,AK content in clay was significantly positively correlated with disease incidence(P<0.05).RDA results showed that the SP,OM content and AN content in the control and inoculation treatments were highly correlated with UE,while both SP and AK content in the control and inoculation treatments were highly correlated with ACP and CAT respectively.After the occurrence of bacterial wilt,most fertility indicators of control and inoculation treatment of sand and loam were lower than those in clay.However,soil fertility level was not a sufficient condition for bacterial wilt,but most soil fer-tility indicators were reduced due to the outbreak of bacterial wilt.The lower disease incidence and disease index of tomato bacterial wilt in sand than in clay may be due to the higher AP content.The reason why disease incidence and disease index of tomato bacterial wilt in loam is lower is perhaps that low pH conditions are unsuitable for the survival of bacterial wilt.Clay with the most severe bacterial wilt disease situation including pH,nitrogen level and mass water content was suitable for the growth and reproduction of bacterial wilt.The relative abundance of potential beneficial microbial communities in clay may also be lower than sand and loam.Therefore,the control measures of bacterial wilt in different soil textures should be adapted to local conditions.Meanwhile,the relevant conclusions of this study would provide a theoretical basis for establishing the control system of bacterial wilt in Hainan province in the future.
作者
李海鹏
易伟鹏
孙晓东
曹启民
黄月华
孙楚涵
LI Haipeng;YI Weipeng;SUN Xiaodong;CAO Qimin;HUANG Yuehua;SUN Chuhan(College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Institute of Agricultural Environment and Soil,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-forestry Environ-mental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Institute of Vegetables,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China;Hainan Agricultural Ecology and Resources conservation Station/The GEF Project Work Leadership Office of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Hainan Province,Haikou,Hainan 570203,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期1751-1760,共10页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
海南省省属科研院所技术创新专项项目(No.Jscx202005)
海南省院士创新平台科研项目(No.YSPTZX202212)。
关键词
理化性质
酶活力
土壤肥力
青枯病
physicochemical properties
enzyme activity
soil fertility
bacterial wilt
作者简介
李海鹏(1996-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:资源利用与植物保护;同等贡献作者:易伟鹏(1989-),男,硕士,农艺师,研究方向:农业生态与资源保护。;通信作者:曹启民,E-mail:271093491@qq.com;通信作者:黄月华,E-mail:sunflower-001@163.com。
