摘要
在数字经济语境下,网络平台与数据要素在为企业等市场主体带来经济价值的同时,也增加了其陷入刑事法律风险的可能性。以企业参与数字经济的行为类型为切入点,探赜市场主体在网络数据安全、网络空间安全、数字知识产权以及其他主要领域可能面临的刑事合规风险,从客体维度、空间维度、法益维度进行具体展开。为提升企业应对刑事合规风险的能力,应当在理论层面以激励原则、权利义务一致原则与系统性治理原则为指导构建企业合规管理体系,在实践层面建构保护数据安全、空间安全以及数字知识产权的具体机制,并通过建设刑事合规数字平台、强化监测预警机制与监督评估机制实现多维一体的企业数字经济刑事合规风险预防,助力企业在数字经济发展过程中取得优势地位。
In the context of the digital economy,while online platforms and data elements bring economic value to market entities such as enterprises,they also increase the potential for these entities to face criminal legal risks.Taking the behavior types of enterprises participating in the digital economy as the starting point,this article explores the criminal compliance risks that market entities may face in areas such as network data security,cyberspace security,digital intellectual property rights,as well as other key domains,and elaborates on these risks from the perspectives of object dimension,spatial dimension,and legal interest dimension.In the object dimension of criminal compliance risks related to data security,enterprises face risks of criminal compliance in data collection,data usage,and data management when organizing and applying data resources.In the spatial dimension of criminal compliance risks related to cyberspace security,besides considering the characteristics of criminal acts,criminal composition,and the issue of multiple offenses,attention should also be paid to other dimensions of crime in the digital economy,such as the spatiality of the internet.In the legal interest dimension of criminal compliance risks related to digital intellectual property rights,criminal cases related to intellectual property rights in the digital economy exhibit four main characteristics,including the close combination of intellectual property rights infringement crimes with cybercrimes,digital service software becoming new objects of infringement,most criminal subjects in cases of trade secret infringement being internal employees of enterprises,and insufficient evidence retention capability of infringed enterprises.In addition to the above“general”typological schemes,there are also some types that have a significant impact on the digital economy but are not positioned in an intermediate position and cannot serve as principal offenders of actionable behavior,such as advertising compliance(misconduct)and operational compliance(monopoly behavior).To enhance enterprises’ability to deal with criminal compliance risks,practical regulatory paths should be proposed:First,at the theoretical level,enterprise compliance management systems should be constructed,guided by incentive principles,principles of consistency between rights and obligations,and principles of systematic governance.Second,at the basic logical level,a multi-dimensional enterprise digital economy criminal compliance risk prevention should be achieved,through the construction of a criminal compliance digital platform,the strengthening of monitoring and early warning mechanisms,and supervision and evaluation mechanisms.Third,at the practical path level,regarding the object dimension of data security,a data classification and grading protection mechanism should be constructed and continuously optimized,the core responsibility system for enterprise data compliance should be established,and corresponding data compliance regulations should be improved;regarding the spatial dimension of cyberspace,enterprises’network security obligations should be clarified,and regular reviews and evaluations of network security compliance management systems and implementation mechanisms,as well as periodic evaluations of the work performance of network compliance management personnel,should be conducted;regarding the legal interest dimension of digital intellectual property rights,a comprehensive digital intellectual property rights compliance framework should be established,and enterprises should establish sound processes for digital intellectual property rights application,protection,and management,and actively utilize advanced technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence.Fourth,at the level of supporting management mechanisms,external supervision of digital compliance should be strengthened,digital criminal compliance legislation should be promoted,and collaborative governance of digital compliance should be facilitated.Through the regulatory paths of digital economy criminal compliance risks mentioned above,enterprises can gain advantageous positions in the process of digital economy development.
作者
热娜古·阿帕尔
Renagu APAER(School of Law and Politics,Kashi University,Kashi 844000,China)
出处
《中国海商法研究》
CSSCI
2024年第2期77-90,共14页
Chinese Journal of Maritime Law
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区党委宣传部“‘天山英才’培养计划——新疆文化名家暨‘四个一批’人才”项目
2021年度喀什大学新疆中华民族多元一体格局历史与文化研究基地课题“中华民族共同体意识的法治凝练与实践路径研究”(KSJDC011)。
关键词
数字经济
数据犯罪
刑事合规
数字合规
digital economy
data crime
criminal compliance
digital compliance
作者简介
热娜古·阿帕尔,女,法学博士,喀什大学法政学院副教授、硕士生导师。
