摘要
本文以“共同发展”概括公有制经济与非公有制经济之间相对成熟状态的基础事实,并力求提炼在相关问题的争论中学术界所形成的某些成果和共识,旨在为“两个毫不动摇”国策提供一种学术上的综合性注解,增强对“两个毫不动摇”国策的理论自信。在思想上,这种理论自信是在伴随着所有制改革而产生的一系列争论过程中逐渐形成的一种共识。在实践中,多种所有制经济共同发展的具体形态至少表现为国民经济中分工互补的共容关系、产业链上的竞争共存关系,以及混合所有制经济内部的共生发展关系。在理论上,以这类关系所包含的机制为基础,基于效率与公平、增长与社会福利最大化之间的权衡,以“最优所有制结构”概念探讨多种所有制经济共同发展在逻辑上可能产生的各种结果的空间分布,是学术上的一种追求。多种所有制经济共同发展的实践呼唤着一种综合性的所有制理论,但其间所涉及的某些争论尚未结束,特别是非公有制经济的社会性质、各种所有制经济与社会公平之间的确切关系等问题尤为突出。
The most suitable vocabulary is“common development”to summarize the relation between the various ownership economies formed since China's reform and opening up,because it is not only an institutional provision of the socialist market economy system with Chinese characteristics,but also a fundamental fact.The common development of multiple ownership economies is an inevitable result of market-oriented reform and an inherent requirement for building and improving the socialist market economy system with Chinese characteristics.The advantage of coexisting multiple ownership economies is that they can showcase their strengths and form a mutually complementary pattern of common development.The academia has reached a basic consensus on the common development of public and non-public economies,but there are still different understandings on their specific relations and other issues.Of course,the process of the consensus is full of controversy.Nowadays,there are some people who are still skeptical about the fact of“common development”,and some people even have proposed the argument of“exit of private economy”in recent years.The social nature of the non-public economy and the impacts of various ownership economies on social equity are all the focuses of debate.President Xi Jinping's argument that“the private enterprises and private entrepreneurs are our own people”is a profound statement made in response to such negative views on the development of the private economy.Through continuous and in-depth reforms,the non-public sector has become a very important component of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics and become interconnected organic entities with the public sector.According to statistics data,the non-public sector contributes over 50%of tax revenue,over 60%of GDP,over 70%of technological innovation achievements,over80%of urban labor employment,and over 90%of the number of enterprises in the national economy of China.There are at least three different relations about the“common development”between the public and non-public sectors.The first is the complementary mutual accommodation in different fields of the national economy;the second is the coexistence of competition in the same field or on the same industry chain;and the third is the symbiotic development in the mixed ownership enterprises.The innovations of this articale are as follows.The first lies in tracing the key measures of ownership reform,major academic debates,and the process of changes in quantity structure.Through retrospective analysis,it can be clearly observed that the formation of a common development pattern of multiple ownership economies is the result of joint efforts of leaders,policy circles,theoretical circles,and entrepreneurs.The second is to explore the internal mechanism of the common development between the public and non-public sectors of the economy,based on an in-depth analysis of the theoretical logic,policy logic,and practical logic of the ownership reform.The third lies in proposing a comprehensive ownership theory based on the trade-off between efficiency and equity,and between growth and maximization of social welfare,which is the“optimal ownership structure”.This article provides a theoretical definition and support for deepening ownership reform in the socialist market economy.
作者
杨春学
杨新铭
YANG Chun-xue;YANG Xin-ming(Capital University of Economics and Business;Institute of Information Studies,CASS)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第10期5-22,共18页
China Industrial Economics
基金
中国社会科学院创新工程重大科研规划项目“国家治理体系与治理能力现代化研究”(批准号2017JJSA01)。
关键词
多种所有制经济
共同发展
最优所有制结构
multiple ownership economies
common development
optimal ownership structure
作者简介
杨春学,首都经济贸易大学经济学院教授,经济学博士;通讯作者:杨新铭,中国社会科学院信息情报研究院研究员,经济学博士,电子邮箱:yangxm@cass.org.cn。
