摘要
从心理学视角探究谣言的形成机制有助于理解社交媒体时代谣言和虚假信息泛滥的深层原因。为此,研究者实施了两个调查实验,分析了网民在多大程度上相信谣言以及阅读辟谣信息后态度是否会发生改变。实验结果显示,两个性质不同的谣言在某些方面呈现出相同的特征:尽管个体在阅读了两则谣言以及辟谣信息后,一部分相信谣言和态度不稳定的网民的态度发生了变化,即辟谣信息仍然发挥了一定的正面影响,但是相信谣言的人数比例却相当稳定。进一步分析信谣和辟谣的影响因素后发现,人格和认知保守倾向对人们相信谣言具有显著影响,而这些因素对随后的态度改变也有不同程度的影响,这表明信谣和传谣具有人格、认知等心理层面的普遍性根源。本研究对于理解当前中国社交媒体中广泛流传的谣言和虚假信息背后的心理机制具有重要启示。
Exploring the causal mechanism of rumors from the perspective of psychology is helpful to understand the reasons for the proliferation of rumors and misinformation in social media era.To this end,the researchers conducted two survey experiments to analyze the extent to which Chinese netizens believe rumors and whether their attitudes change after reading rebuttals.The experimental results show that the two kinds of rumors show the same characteristics in some aspects:although the attitudes of some netizens have changed after reading the two rumors and rumor rebuttal information,the proportion of people who believe rumors is quite stable.The further analysis of the influencing factors of rumor and rebuttals shows that personality,political ideology and cognitive conservatism have significant influence on people's belief in rumor,which indicates that rumor and rumor spreading have universal roots in personality,cognition and political psychology.This study has important implications for understanding the psychological drives behind the widespread rumors and misinformation in Chinese social media.
出处
《新闻大学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第8期59-74,118,119,共18页
Journalism Research
基金
2022年度国家社科重点项目“中国国家形象国际传播的受众心理机制比较研究”(22AZZ003)。
关键词
谣言
辟谣效果
心理机制
态度改变
rumor
rebuttal effects
psychological mechanism
attitudes change
作者简介
马得勇,中国人民大学国际关系学院教授,深圳大学政府管理学院教授。
