摘要
国内多数谣言研究以宏观政治社会结构或环境作为变量来解释谣言的生成和流传,但是,这一理论取向无法解释同一社会政治结构下个体在相信谣言方面存在的差异。本文认为,受众自身的威权人格与意识形态立场是解释个体信谣与否的重要变量,威权人格与信谣、意识形态立场与信谣分别存在着"匹配效应"。以政治谣言为焦点,本研究通过针对网民群体的问卷式实验方法发现:高威权人格者更愿意相信与政府立场一致的谣言,不愿意相信与政府立场不一致或不利于政府的信息,而低威权人格者则相反;左派群体更倾向于相信与政府立场一致的谣言,更不愿意相信批评政府的谣言,而右派群体更倾向于相信批评政府的谣言,更不愿意相信与政府立场一致的谣言。但是在辟谣效果上,并不存在"匹配效应"。文章对研究发现的政治意涵作了分析。
Most domestic research on rumors analyzes their causes and circulation at the macro level,which cannot explain individual differences under the same socio-political structure.In this paper,I argue that an individual s authoritarian personality and ideology are the two important factors that explain the person s propensity to believe political rumors.I hypothesize that two“matching effects”exist between authoritarian personality and ideological positions respectively and belief in rumors.Using experimental online survey data,I find that high authoritarian individuals are more willing to believe rumors endorsing the government and less willing to believe rumors attacking the government,while the opposite is true for low authoritarian individuals.Left-wing netizens are more inclined to believe rumors endorsing the government and less willing to believe rumor attacking the government,while the opposite is true for right-wing netizens.However,there is no obvious matching effect when it comes to refuting rumors.Those with clear left-wing or right-wing ideological positions are more likely to change their original belief in rumors than those without clear ideological positions.In contrast to high authoritarian groups,low authoritarian personality groups are more likely to change their false belief in rumors.The paper also discusses the political implications of the empirical findings.
出处
《政治学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期54-66,126,共14页
CASS Journal of Political Science
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"中国网民的政治态度与公共舆论形成机制实证研究"(14B3H053)的研究成果
关键词
谣言
辟谣
威权人格
意识形态
匹配效应
rumor
rumor correction
authoritarian
ideology
matching effects
作者简介
马得勇,中国人民大学国际关系学院。
