摘要
新修订的《未成年人保护法》增设了未成年人公益诉讼条款,对保护未成年人权益具有重要意义,但由于具体规则的缺失导致司法实践中未成年人公益诉讼受案范围不断扩大乃至泛化滥用。未成年人权益是否属于公共利益、未成年人案件是否均可启动公益诉讼以及如何处理未成年人公益诉讼与公益诉讼之间的关系,是影响未成年人公益诉讼受案范围的三个核心问题。未成年人公共利益是一个相对的、发展的概念,具有复数性和开放性,表现形式非常广泛。但未成年人公益诉讼受案范围的拓展应当考虑保护未成年人价值导向、符合“公共利益”构成要件、具有起诉必要性、遵循法律基本规定等因素。可以从保护权益角度把未成年人公益诉讼受案范围分为人身权、受教育权、消费权益、网络信息权益、其他权益等五大领域。细化未成年人公益诉讼受案范围,应当在坚持立法优先、检察权补充、拓展有度、循序渐进等基本原则前提下,从诉前程序为重点转向“诉讼本位”,可以通过制定《公益诉讼法》并以“抽象概括+典型列举+等字兜底”立法例实现。
The newly revised Law on the Protection of Minors of the People's Republic of China has added a clause on public interest litigation for minors,which is of great significance to the protection of the rights and interests of minors.However,due to the lack of specific rules,the scope of public interest litigation for minors in judicial practice is constantly expanding and even widespread abuse.Whether the rights and interests of minors belong to the public interest,whether all cases of minors can initiate public interest litigation,and how to handle the relationship between public interest litigation and public interest litigation of minors are the three core issues affecting the scope of accepting cases of public interest litigation of minors.The public interest of minors is a relative and developing concept,which is pluralistic and open,and has a wide range of expression forms.However,the expansion of the scope of accepting cases of public interest litigation for minors should consider such factors as the value orientation of protecting minors,the constituent elements of"public interest",the necessity of prosecution,and the compliance with the basic provisions of the law.From the perspective of protecting the rights and interests of minors,the scope of accepting public interest litigation can be divided into five areas:personal rights,rights to education,rights to consumption,rights to network information,and other rights and interests.Refinement of minors public interest litigation case scope,priority should be insisted on legislation,prosecutorial power supplement,responsibly and expand,the basic principles,such as step by step from before litigation procedure as the focus to"litigation",can make the public interest litigation law and"abstract summarizing and typical list++word out"legislative case realization.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期111-122,共12页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“慈善组织的治理和监督机制研究”(20&ZD183)
2022年度江苏省人民检察院检察理论研究课题“未成年人‘两法’实施中的检察监督责任研究——以涉未公益诉讼规范发展为切入点”(SJ2022B23)的阶段性成果。
关键词
公益诉讼
受案范围
公共利益
检察建议
未成年人保护法
Public Interest Litigation
Scope of Acceptance
Public Interest
Procuratorial Recommendations
Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors
作者简介
高志宏,南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院教授。
