摘要
当前,在我国构建数据基础制度、加快推动形成全国统一数据大市场的大背景下,如何构建适配数据要素市场化配置需求的价格形成机制,成为当前经济社会改革的热点问题。本文重点探讨如何构建适配于全国统一数据大市场的要素价格形成机制,研究发现:数据要素价格形成机制可从三个层面分别加以论述:首先,数据资源化层面,数据价格形成以成本法为导向,其主要影响因素包括采集、整理、加工数据的成本,以及数据质量和数据隐私含量等方面;其次,数据资产化层面,数据价格形成以收益法为导向,重点是在明确数据用途和用量的基础上,通过交易场所或第三方机构释放数据模型贡献度等价格信号,由各方主体在充分竞争和博弈中形成价格共识;最后,数据资本化层面,数据价格形成以市场法为导向,重点围绕数据证券化和数据股权化两方面,参考技术市场等成熟经验逐步完善估值、入表、参股等相关制度体系。未来,应充分结合我国国情和数据要素特殊规律,逐步建立并完善可以有效反映市场供需关系的数据价格生成机制。
Currently,in the context of building a data infrastructure system and accelerating the formation of a national unified data market in China,how to build a price formation mechanism that adapts to the market-oriented allocation of data elements has become a popular issue in current economic and social reform.This article focuses on exploring how to construct a mechanism for forming factor prices that is suitable for the national unified data market.It found that the mechanism for forming factor prices can be discussed from three levels:Firstly,at the level of data resource utilization,data price formation is guided by the cost method,and its main influencing factors include the cost of collecting,organizing,and processing data,as well as data quality and data privacy content;Secondly,at the level of data capitalization,the formation of data price is guided by the income approach.The key point is to release price signal such as the contribution degree of data models through trading venues or third-party institutions on the basis of clarifying the purpose and amount of data,so that all parties can form price consensus in full competition and games;Thirdly,at the level of data capitalization,the formation of data prices is guided by mar-ket law,focusing on two aspects:data securitization and data equity.With reference to mature experience in the technology market,relevant institutional systems such as valuation,listing,and equity participation are gradually improved.In the future,we should fully consider China's national conditions and the special laws of data elements,and gradually establish and improve a data price generation mechanism that can ef-fectively reflect the market supply and demand relationship.
出处
《价格理论与实践》
北大核心
2023年第3期15-19,共5页
Price:Theory & Practice
作者简介
王建冬,国家发展改革委价格监测中心副主任。
