摘要
人才内部存在着受教育程度由低到高的学历梯度,关注不同学历人才分布影响机理的差异性,对于制定因类而异的人才政策和优化城市体系的经济高质量发展格局具有重要意义。论文利用中国2005、2010和2015年人口抽样调查数据资料,从地级尺度上揭示了2005—2015年中国大专、本科及研究生学历人才分布的时空格局特征差异,采用空间计量模型解释了不同学历人才时空分布差异的影响机理。结果发现:①中国不同学历人才的空间分布高度不均衡,大专、本科及研究生学历人才均主要集聚在直辖市、省会城市和计划单列市,而本科及大专学历人才在内蒙古西部和新疆北部等西北地区资源型城市也具有一定的集聚优势,人才集聚的不均衡度随着学历提升而依次递增。人才集聚的不均衡程度均随时间而有所缓解,但缓解程度随学历提升而依次递减。②人才动态集聚呈现出初期人才比重越高、期间人才比重增幅越大的马太效应,人才动态集聚的马太效应强度随学历提升而逐渐增强。③中国大专、本科及研究生学历人才集聚均主要为经济主导型,薪资待遇是不同学历人才集聚的最重要影响因素,中国区域间薪资水平差距的缩小是不同学历人才分布不均衡态势缓解的主要原因。服务业快速增长,中学教育、医疗条件和交通出行等社会舒适性也会促进不同学历人才的集聚,海拔高度及绿化休憩等环境舒适性整体上并未显著推动中国人才的集聚。④经济及社会舒适性因素对人才集聚的促进作用均呈现出随学历提升而依次增加的趋势。
Educational attainments of talents are different,and exploring the spatiotemporal distribution of talents with different educational attainments and its driving factors is of key significance for formulating different kinds of talent policies and optimizing the high-quality economic development pattern of the urban system.Using data of the 2005,2010 and 2015 population sample surveys of China,this study examined the differences in the spatial and temporal patterns of China's talents with college,undergraduate,and graduate degrees from 2005 to 2015 at the prefecture level,and used a spatial econometric model to explain the driving factors of these differences.The results show that:1)The spatial distribution of China's talents with different educational attainments was highly uneven,and talents with college,undergraduate,and graduate degrees were mainly concentrated in the municipalities,provincial capitals,and independent plan cities.There was also some concentration of talents with college and undergraduate degrees in resource-based cities of the northwestern region,such as western Inner Mongolia and northern Xinjiang.The level of uneven distribution of talents increased with the increment of educational attainments and the unevenness was alleviated through time,but the degree of its alleviation decreased with the increase of educational attainment.2)The dynamic agglomeration of talents showed the Matthew effect—the higher the proportion of talents at the beginning of the study period,the greater the increase of the proportion of talents during the period.The intensity of the Matthew effect of dynamic agglomeration of talents gradually increased with the increase of educational attainment.3)The concentration of China's talents with college,undergraduate,and graduate degrees was mainly economic driven,and salary played the most important role in influencing the concentration of talents with different educational attainments.The reduction of regional salary gaps in China had caused a decrease in the level of uneven distribution of talents with different educational attainments.The rapid growth of service industry and improvements in social amenities such as secondary education,medical service,and transportation had also promoted the agglomeration of talents with different educational attainments.Nevertheless,environmental factors such as elevation and green leisure space did not significantly boost the agglomeration of talents in China.The role of both economic development and social amenities in promoting talent agglomeration showed a tendency to increase with increasing educational attainments.
作者
齐宏纲
戚伟
刘振
赵美风
QI Honggang;QI Wei;LIU Zhen;ZHAO Meifeng(School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China)
出处
《地理科学进展》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期821-836,共16页
Progress in Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42101237)
江苏省社会科学基金青年项目(22SHC003)
江苏省高校自然科学面上项目(21KJB170015)。
关键词
人才分布
研究生
本科
大专
时空格局
影响机理
talent distribution
graduate
undergraduate
college
spatial and temporal patterns
driving factors
作者简介
第一作者:齐宏纲(1992-),男,河北唐山人,博士,讲师,主要从事人口地理与城市地理研究。E-mail:qihg192@163.com;通讯作者:赵美风(1986-),女,河北鹿泉人,博士,副教授,主要从事城市地理与人口地理研究。E-mail:zhaomeifeng@foxmail.com。
