摘要
在个性化教育的大趋势下,能力分组教学作为差异化教学重要形式之一,在实践中得到了广泛探索,但学界对其应用成效还存在较大争议。能力分组教学在不同时期具有不同含义。从单维能力分组、学科能力分组到灵活能力分组,能力分组教学目的逐渐从社会选拔转变为满足学生的个性化发展需求,更加注重灵活性与学生的自主选择性,致力于为学生提供多元发展途径。能力分组教学实践受文化环境、资源配置、期望传达、教学互动、同伴构成、组内互动等多种因素影响。正确践行能力分组教学,需把握以促进学生的个性化发展为目的,以满足学生复杂差异导致的发展诉求为依据,以系统思考与动态灵活的设计为保障的基本原则。当前,基于上述原则有效实施能力分组教学还面临学校、教师、学生三个层面的挑战。智能技术可以通过助力学校系统设计与实施、支持教师有效差异化教学、促进学生的个性化学习,为能力分组教学提供支持。未来,可以融合多学科视角,对能力分组教学尤其是不同能力结构小组的交互规律以及如何将理论与技术应用实践相结合,进行系统、深入的研究。
Ability grouping instruction, one of the crucial forms of differentiated instruction, has been extensively explored in practice under the overall trend of personalized education, although there is still a great deal of debate in academic circles concerning its impact. The meaning of ability grouping instruction varies over time.From single-dimensional ability grouping to subject ability grouping to flexible ability grouping, the goal of ability grouping instruction has gradually shifted from social selection to meeting students’ individual development needs,paying more attention to flexibility and students’ independent choices, with the aim of giving students a diverse development path. The practice of ability grouping instruction is affected by many factors, such as cultural context,resource distribution, expectation communication, teaching interaction, peer composition and intragroup interaction.To reasonably implement ability grouping instruction, it is necessary to grasp the basic principles of promoting the individual development of students, satisfying the development demands of students caused by complex differences,and guaranteeing systematic thinking and dynamic and flexible design. At present, the effective implementation of ability grouping instruction based on the above principles still faces challenges at three levels, including schools,teachers and students. Intelligent technology can support ability grouping instruction by assisting with school system design and implementation, supporting teachers’ effectively differentiated instruction and promoting personalized learning for students. Future research on ability grouping instruction can be systematic and in-depth based on the integration of multidisciplinary viewpoints, with a focus on the interaction characteristics of groups with different ability structures and the integration of theory and application of technology.
作者
刘美凤
刘文辉
LIU Meifeng;LIU Wenhui
出处
《现代远程教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期37-48,共12页
Modern Distance Education Research
基金
全国教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度国家一般课题“信息技术支持下的分层教学系统设计研究”(CA210083)。
关键词
能力分组教学
个性化教学
影响因素
基本原则
技术支持
Ability Grouping Instruction
Personalized Instruction
Influencing Factors
Basic Principles
Technical Support
作者简介
刘美凤,博士,教授,博士生导师,北京师范大学教育学部教育技术学院(北京100875);通讯作者:刘文辉,博士研究生,北京师范大学教育学部教育技术学院(北京100875)。
