义务教育课程改革的目标、标准与实践向度(笔谈)--《义务教育课程方案和课程标准(2022年版)》解读被引量：78

The Goal, Standard and Practical Dimension of Compulsory Education Curriculum Reform--An Interpretation of the Curriculum Plan and Standards for Compulsory Education(2022 Edition)

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摘要 2022年新修订的义务教育课程方案和课程标准引起了社会各界的广泛关注。其中,义务教育课程方案是新时代义务教育高质量发展的基本遵循,规定了国家义务教育阶段课程学习的基本内容,引领义务教育的发展方向,体现了国家对义务教育的意志和定位,是教师教学、学生学习的重要抓手;其从“有理想、有本领、有担当”三个方面建构义务教育培养目标,明确新时代义务教育阶段时代新人培养的具体要求。国家课程方案只有转化成学校的规划以及教师的行为,才能真正作用在学生身上。转化国家课程新方案,学校应做好三个规划:学校课程整体规划、学校学科发展指导方案和单元规划方案。义务教育课程标准是国家管理和评价义务教育阶段课程的基础,是教材编写、教学质量评估、课程资源开发应用和考试命题的重要依据,从“目标”期待到“内容”选择、组织,再到“质量标准”刻画的逻辑闭环使“课程目标”转化为可测可评的“学业质量标准”。课程标准给出了各学段的学业质量标准,由知识习得到素养养成需要知识形态与呈现方式发生根本性改变,其中学科实践使学科知识学习向学科素养转化有了可靠的过程和方式,实现了求知和育人的统一。教材是对新课标的再创造、再组织,基于课程标准新价值、新要求、新方向的教材建设与改革迫在眉睫。 The newly revised compulsory education curriculum plan and the curriculum standards in 2022 have attracted widespread attention from all walks of life. Especially, the new compulsory education curriculum plan is the basic compliance of the high-quality development of compulsory education in the new era. It stipulates the basic content of national compulsory education curriculum learning,guides the direction and vision of compulsory education, and reflects the country’s will and orientation for compulsory education. It is an important starting point for school teachers’ teaching and students’ learning. It constructs the training objectives of compulsory education from the three aspects of “ideal,ability, and responsibility”, and defines the specific requirements for the training of newcomers in compulsory education. Only when the national curriculum plan is transformed into the school’s planning and teachers’ behavior can it really act on students. To transform the new national curriculum plan, the school should make three plans: the overall plan of the school curriculum, the school’s discipline development guidance plan and the unit plan programme. Compulsory education curriculum standard is the basis for the national management and evaluation of compulsory education courses, and is an important basis for textbook compilation, teaching quality assessment, curriculum resource development and utilization, and examination propositions. To through the logical loop which includes “goal expectation”, “content selection and organization”, and “quality standard description”, the “curriculum goal”,is transformed into a measurable and evaluable “academic quality standard”. The curriculum standard clearly puts forward the connotation of literacy-oriented academic quality, and gives the academic quality standard for each subject stage. From knowledge acquisition to literacy development a fundamental change is required in the form and presentation of knowledge. Among them, subject practice enables a reliable process and method to transform subject knowledge learning into subject literacy,and realizes the unity between knowledge and educating people. Textbook is the re-creation and reorganization of the curriculum standards, and the construction of textbook based on the new value, new requirements and new directions of the curriculum standards are imminent.

作者崔允漷郭华吕立杰李刚于泽元王振华刘学智李美莹 CUI Yunhuo;GUO Hua;LV Lijie;LI Gang;YU Zeyuan;WANG Zhenhua;LIU Xuezhi;LI Meiying

机构地区华东师范大学课程与教学研究所北京师范大学教育学部东北师范大学教育学部东北师范大学西南大学教师教育学院西南大学

出处《现代教育管理》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第9期6-19,共14页 Modern Education Management

基金中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心重大成果培育性项目(2020-06-005-BZPK01)。

关键词义务教育课程方案义务教育课程标准核心素养时代新人培养目标学业质量评价课程转化教材建设 compulsory education curriculum plan compulsory education curriculum standards core literacy newcomers of the times training objectives study quality evaluation curriculum transformation textbook construction

分类号 G521 [文化科学—教育技术学] G622.3 [文化科学—教育学]

作者简介崔允漷,华东师范大学课程与教学研究所所长,教授,博士生导师;郭华,北京师范大学教育学部教授,博士生导师;吕立杰,东北师范大学教育学部部长,教授,博士生导师;李刚,东北师范大学副教授;于泽元,西南大学教师教育学院教授,博士生导师;王振华,西南大学博士生;刘学智,东北师范大学教育学部教授,博士生导师;李美莹,东北师范大学博士生。