我国推行竞争中立的法治进路——以反垄断法规制机制的优化为突破口被引量：1

The Legal Approach of Competition Neutrality in China:Taking the Optimization of the Regulation Mechanism of Anti-monopoly Law as the Breakthrough

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摘要竞争中立的本质是克服扭曲竞争的政府干预行为,强调建立一个公平竞争的市场环境,这与反垄断法规制行政垄断的任务是适配的。结合竞争中立的这一本质,也可以找到竞争中立上升为一项法律规则或原则的法理基石,即市场主体的公平竞争权,这亦是反垄断法维护的基本权利。反垄断法规制政府反竞争行为的事前竞争审查和事后规制措施的综合运用,是竞争中立价值实现的基本法治路径。可见,竞争中立可以依托反垄断法的精神和宗旨,在反垄断法框架中找到其实现法理论据。然而,反垄断法对非中立政府干预的规制乏力,使竞争中立的实现面临着困境。我国《反垄断法》第8条对管制行业的模糊界定,相当于极大限缩了反垄断法适用的空间,为行政权力限制市场竞争预留了空间。而对于行政垄断的判别,反垄断法采取的是“滥用行政权力”的标准,无法全面地规制大量隐性、间接的竞争扭曲的政府干预行为。此外,公平竞争审查制度的标准、例外规定和审查机制尚不完善,难以确保审查结论的科学性、客观性和中立性。由此可见,实现竞争中立的关键在于增强反垄断法对非中立政府干预的约束刚性,通过增强反垄断法经济宪法的权威,协调产业政策和反垄断法的关系,推动管制经济转变为竞争经济,完善公平竞争审查制度,构建更加有效的反垄断规制体系。 The essence of competition neutrality is to overcome the government intervention that distorts competition,and to emphasize the establishment of a fair competition market environment,which is compatible with the task of regulating administrative monopoly under the anti-monopoly law.Combining with the essence of competition neutrality,we can also find the legal foundation of competition neutrality as a legal rule or principle,that is,the fair competition right of market subjects,which is also the basic right maintained by the anti-monopoly law.Anti-monopoly law is the basic legal path to realize the value of competition neutrality by the comprehensive application of pre-competition examination and post-regulation measures to regulate government anti-competition behavior.As a conclusion,competition neutrality can rely on the spirit and purpose of anti-monopoly law and find its legal arguments in the framework of anti-monopoly law.However,the anti-monopoly law is weak in regulating non-neutral government intervention,which makes the realization of competition neutrality face difficulties.The vague definition of the regulated industries in the Article 8 of Anti-monopoly Law is equivalent to greatly reducing the space of the application of Anti-monopoly Law,and leaving the space for the administrative power to limit the market competition.The judgement of administrative monopoly in Anti-monopoly Law is“abusing the power of administration”,without the full scope of the law to regulate the large amount of hidden and government’s pre-actions which twist competition.Thus,the key to achieve competition neutrality lies in strengthening the constraint rigidity of anti-monopoly law on non-neutral government intervention.

作者邓达奇张泊宁 DENG Daqi;ZHANG Boning

机构地区深圳市社会科学院政法研究所广州市道路扩建工程办公室

出处《深圳社会科学》 2022年第5期86-93,共8页 Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基金 2020年中国博士后科学基金第13批特别资助项目“人工智能科技的法伦理学研究”(2020T130549) 2021年深圳市哲学社会科学规划课题“人工智能科技的治理困境与法伦理学应对研究”(SZ2021D022) 海南省法学会2021年度法学研究课题“海南自由贸易港建设背景下的法治创新研究”([2021]015) 深圳市社会科学院2022年专项科研重点课题“习近平法治思想的深圳实践研究”(2022AA004)。

关键词竞争中立反垄断法政府非中立干预公平竞争公平竞争审查 competition neutrality anti-monopoly law non-neutral government intervention fair competition fair competition review

分类号 D922.294 [政治法律—经济法学]

作者简介邓达奇,研究员,西南政法大学法学博士后,法学博士,主要从事法理学、法社会学、法经济学研究;张泊宁,科员,法学硕士,主要从事竞争法研究。