摘要
在国家制度和乡村社会的共同作用下,“生活治理”正在成为新时代乡村治理的政策重点和学术热点。乡村生活治理是我国乡村治理的一项重要传统和方法。新中国成立以来,我国的乡村治理先后经历了“人民公社”时代、“乡政村治”时代和“三治结合”时代,不同时代的乡村生活治理具有不同的治理主体、治理对象和治理目标,形成了不同的治理特征和治理效果。“人民公社”时代的乡村治理以“政社合一”作为制度基础,造成了乡村生活治理的“国家化”,引发农民日常生活的政治化、集体化和生产化;“乡政村治”时代的乡村治理受到“政社分离”的新制度结构影响,出现了乡村生活治理的“市场化”,造成农民日常生活的去政治化、个体化和消费化;到了“三治结合”时代,“政社协作”成为乡村治理的新制度基础,造成了乡村生活治理的显性化,即乡村治理向生活治理的转型。在行政力量快速扩张与社会力量发育不良的背景下,应当警惕乡村生活治理的“过度行政化”倾向,防止出现生活治理的“异化”,同时需加强村民自治能力建设,发挥民主对促进民生的重要作用,提升生活治理效能。
With the change of national institutions and rural communities, everyday life governance is becoming the focus of policy-making and academic research of rural governance in the new era. Everyday life governance is an important tradition and approach in China’s rural governance. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,China’s rural governance has gone through the eras of “people’s communes”, “township government and villager autonomy”, and “integration of autonomy, governing by law, and governing by virtue”. The rural governance in different eras has different governance bodies, governance targets, and governance goals, and has different governance characteristics and effects. In the era of people’s communes, the communes had governmental, political, and economic functions. This was the institutional basis of rural governance at that time, which nationalized rural governance, and collectivized and politicalized living and working practices of farmers. In the era when the township organs exercise political, administrative, economic and other management powers on behalf of the state and villagers implement autonomous management of their daily issues in rural areas, the new institutional structure of “separating community governance from government administration” led to the “marketization” of rural governance over life issues, resulting in de-administration, individualization, and consumerization of farmers’ daily life. In the era of “governing by law and virtue, and villager autonomy”, the “integration of government administration and community management” has become the new institutional basis for rural governance, making the management of life issues a significant part of rural governance. With the growing influence of administrative power and inadequate development of social organs, we should be wary of “over-administration” in rural life governance to prevent the “alienation” in the management of life issues.At the same time, we should improve villagers’ capacity of managing life issues on their own, give full play to the role of democracy in promoting people’s livelihood, and enhance the efficiency of life governance.
作者
田孟
TIAN Meng(College of Public Administration,Central South University,Changsha,Hunan,410017)
出处
《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期15-25,共11页
Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“乡村振兴背景下农村社会治理共同体培育及其生成机制研究”(21CSH042)
湖南省社会科学基金青年项目“湖南农村人才流失现象及其应对之策研究”(20YBQ107)。
关键词
乡村治理
生活治理
制度变迁
生活化转向
过度行政化
村民自治
rural governance
everyday life governance
institutional changes
shift to life issues
excessive administration
villager autonomy
作者简介
田孟,社会学博士,中南大学社会学系讲师、硕士生导师,主要从事农村社会学与基层治理研究。
