摘要
条约系统解释涉及《维也纳条约法公约》第31.3(c)条,以及近二十年来西方学说中滥觞的"系统整合"原则。该解释方法触及当代经贸领域的两个热点:新一轮的规则标准制订,以及冠以竞争、环保、人权、劳工等正当目的的非关税壁垒。本文认为:第一,司法及仲裁实践表明,对第31.3(c)条不能作狭隘的理解。第二,"有关国际法规则"乃至无拘束力文件在解释中的功能可能不同,并进而引起法律论证重心和第31.3(c)条适用标准的不同。第三,由于公约并未预设解释者的裁量权,"系统整合"的话语将造成解释者投射其国际法观念和话语权侵蚀国际立法权的风险。中国应避免使用"系统整合"的表述,并注重通过条约履约机制或争端解决机制设计,抑制其消极影响。
The Systemic interpretation of treaties involves Article 31( 3)( c) in Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties,and the“systemic integration”which is popularized in the past two decades.This approach relates closely to the recent spots of international economic law,namely,the multilateral disciplines of new generation,and non-tariff trade barriers assertedly justified by objectives like competition,environmental protection,human rights or labor protection,etc.This paper argues that,firstly,international judicial and arbitral decisions do not support a narrow understanding of Article 31( 3)( c).Secondly,extrinsic rules of international law and non-binding instruments might have different functions in interpretation and consequently lead to the difference in the kernels of legal reasoning and the criteria of review.Thirdly,now that the Vienna rules do not define interpreters’ discretion,a construction of“systemic integration”,which neglects objective and reliable evidence concerning the parties common intentions,would result in the risk that unpredictability and institutional bias encroach on the consents of States.We should avoid using the equivocal concept of “systemic integration”before it is well clarified,and reduce the risks by prudently designing any substantive rules and regimes of implementation and dispute settlement.
出处
《国际经济法学刊》
2022年第1期51-68,共18页
Journal of International Economic Law
关键词
条约解释
系统整合
司法造法
Treaty Interpretation
Systemic Integration
Judicial Law-making
作者简介
詹扬隽,武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院国际法专业2017级博士研究生。
