通谋虚伪表示基础上对抗规则的教义学展开被引量：12

Doctrinal Structure of Assertion Rule against a Bona Fide Third Party Based on False Expression of Intent

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摘要通谋虚伪表示的效力评价同时受意思表示制度与信赖保护原则的双重约束。从通谋虚伪表示本体的法律效果角度看,通谋虚伪表示属于绝对无效的行为,而非相对无效;同时,通谋虚伪表示客观上会形成可归责于表意人的权利外观。据此,一方面在法律世界中,通谋虚伪表示不产生权利变动的事实效果;另一方面为信赖保护的介入提供了可能。在我国民法典现有关于信赖保护的制度体系下,不得以通谋虚伪表示无效对抗善意第三人的法则并不会与分则中的信赖保护规范发生实质冲突,同时民法典第763条等规定的类推适用并不能对诸多情境中的善意第三人进行合理保护。在信赖保护原则作为私法的基本原则的认识下,对抗规则中的第三人应为参与法律行为性的往来的主体,同时其善意应排除明知和因重大过失而不知的情形,并在具体交易情境中对是否存在合理的信赖基础进行评价。 The evaluation of the effectiveness of false expression on intent is simultaneously bound by the rules of expression of intent and the principle of the protection of reliance.The le-gal effect of the false expression on intent is absolutely invalid,not relatively invalid.The false expression on intent could meanwhile objectively form the appearance of rights attributable to the person expressing the intention.The false expression on intent doesn't lead to the factual change of legal relationship in the legal world,while provides the need for the protection of reliance.Un-der the current system of the protection of reliance in China's Civil Code,the general rule that the invalidity of a false expression on intent cannot be raised against a bona fide third party falls in no substantial conflict with the norms aiming at the protection of reliance in the special sec-tions,not to mention the fact that a bona fide third party might be unprotected even through the analogical application of those norms such as Article 763 of Civil Code.The principle of protec-tion of reliance is a basic one in private law,so the third party under the assertion rule should be the subject who participate in legal transactions.To meet the test of bona fide,the third party must be the person who have demonstrated honesty in the conduct of the specific legal transac-tion without knowing or unknowing the invalidity of the related legal acts due to gross negligence and must have observed reasonable civil basis of reliance in the transaction.

作者施鸿鹏 Shi Hongpeng

机构地区复旦大学法学院

出处《东方法学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第1期147-160,共14页 Oriental Law

关键词通谋虚伪表示无效对抗善意第三人信赖保护民法典 false expression on intent invalid assertion bona fide third party protection of reliance the Civil Code

分类号 DF51 [政治法律—民商法学]

作者简介施鸿鹏,复旦大学法学院讲师,法学博士。