论公文书实质证明力推定规则的限缩被引量：26

The Restriction of the Presumption Rule of the Substantial Proving Effects of Public Document

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摘要我国最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》第114条确立了公文书的实质证明力推定规则,将作为真实公文书内容的待证事实推定为真,这在案件证明上具有重要意义。该规则具有我国特色,从应用范围和推定效力来看,在大陆法系和英美法系法域中原则上均没有直接参考。在我国法上,应当重新审视法院裁判就其认定事实的预决效力,从解释论上限缩其范围固然有助于缓解虚假诉讼带来的危害,但是由于该规则的理论依据阙如,在立法论上应予否定。处分性公文书诸如法院裁判文书、结婚证、不动产登记簿等能够实质证明法律行为作出的过程和内容,但其证明力不应扩大到书证中对其他事实的说明和认定。报道性公文书和私文书原则上不适用该法定证明力规则,但应注意识别相关实体法规则,并可考虑依据经验法则作出事实上的推定。 The Supreme People’s Court of China regulates a presumption rule of substantial proving effects in Article 114 of its Interpretation on the Application of Civil Procedure Law in 2015.This rule presumes the content of an authentic public document as proved,which is significant for the finding of facts in civil process.The rule is in principle a unique one from the perspective of comparative civil procedure.In Chinese law,it is necessary to reconsider the pre-determinant effects of a final judicial decision.It is possible to limit the application of these pre-determinant effects,whereas due to the lack of theoretical supports,it would be better to abolish these effects at all.Public dispositive documents,such as judicial decision,certificate of marriage and property information in the land register,are able to prove how and what has been substantially accomplished by legal actions.However,other factual information in these public documents should not be regarded as proved.Differing from the public dispositive documents,public documents which are used to report but not change legal relationships,as well as all private documents,should not apply to the presumption of substantial proving effects.But we should consider the existing substantive legal rules,which may supply with exceptional proving rules,and the possibility of making use of the prima facie evidence in practice.

作者曹志勋 Cao Zhixun(the Law School of Peking University)

机构地区北京大学法学院

出处《国家检察官学院学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2020年第2期137-154,共18页 Journal of National Prosecutors College

基金 2018年国家社科基金青年项目“我国民事诉讼标的识别的诉讼法进路研究”(18CFX033)的阶段性研究成果中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助.

关键词书证实质证明力推定公文书处分性文书事实预决效力 Documentary Evidence Substantial Proving Effects Presumption Public Document Dispositive Document Pre-determinant Effect of Fact

分类号 D925.1 [政治法律—诉讼法学]

作者简介曹志勋,北京大学法学院助理教授,法学博士。