摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮精料和丙酸铬水平对雷州山羊生长性能、粪便发酵参数和微生物区系的影响。选取健康的4~5月龄雷州山羊母羊32只,体重(16.63±0.24)kg,随机分为4组,每组8只羊。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲粮精料水平为200 g/(只·d),精料添加组(Ⅱ组)在对照组饲粮精料水平基础上添加100 g/(只·d)精料,丙酸铬添加组(Ⅲ组)在对照组饲粮精料水平基础上添加2 mg/(只·d)丙酸铬,精料和丙酸铬添加组(Ⅳ组)在对照组饲粮精料水平基础上添加100 g/(只·d)精料和2 mg/(只·d)丙酸铬。各组自由采食粗饲料。预试期7 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加精料显著提高了山羊的精料干物质采食量、总增重和平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低了粗饲料干物质采食量和总干物质采食量(P<0.05)。饲粮添加丙酸铬及精料和丙酸铬的交互作用对山羊的总干物质采食量、总增重和平均日增重无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)饲粮添加精料显著提高了山羊粪便中乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量(P<0.05),显著降低了乙酸/丙酸(P<0.05)。饲粮添加丙酸铬及精料和丙酸铬的交互作用对山羊的粪便发酵参数无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)饲粮添加精料显著提高了山羊的粪便菌群ACE指数、Chao指数和Shannon指数(P<0.05),显著降低了Simpson指数(P<0.05)。饲粮添加丙酸铬及精料和丙酸铬的交互作用对山羊的粪便菌群α多样性指数无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)在门水平上,饲粮添加精料显著提高了粪便中厚壁菌门相对丰度(P<0.05),显著降低了粪便中拟杆菌门和疣微菌门相对丰度(P<0.05);饲粮添加丙酸铬显著提高了粪便中放线菌门相对丰度(P<0.05)。在属水平上,饲粮添加精料显著提高了粪便中瘤胃球菌科_UCG-005、瘤胃球菌科_UCG-010、克里斯滕森菌科_R-7、普雷沃菌属_1相对丰度(P<0.05),显著降低了粪便中艾克曼菌属和理研菌科_RC9_肠道群相对丰度(P<0.05);饲粮添加丙酸铬显著提高了粪便中拟杆菌属相对丰度(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加精料可提高雷州山羊的平均日增重和总增重,改善粪便发酵参数,提高粪便菌群的多样性和丰富度,但存在降低后肠道免疫性能和引发炎症的风险;饲粮添加丙酸铬可提高粪便中纤维降解菌相对丰度,抑制肠道中致病菌的繁殖;精料和丙酸铬的交互作用较小。
The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary concentrate and chromium propionate levels on growth performance,fecal fermentation parameters and microflora of Leizhou goats.Thirty-two Leizhou female goats aged from 4 to 5 months with body weight of(16.63±0.24)kg were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 goats in each group.The dietary concentrate level of the control group(groupⅠ)was 200 g/(head·d),the concentrate additive group(groupⅡ)was supplemented with 100 g/(head·d)concentrate based on the dietary concentrate level of the control group,the chromium propionate additive group(groupⅢ)was supplemented with 2 mg/(head·d)chromium propionate based on the dietary concentrate level of the control group,and the concentrate and chromium propionate additive group(Ⅳgroup)was supplemented with 100 g/(head·d)concentrate and 2 mg/(head·d)chromium propionate based on the dietary concentrate level of the control group.Each group was fed roughage freely.The pre feeding period was 7 days and the trial period was 42 days.The results showed as follows:1)dietary concentrate significantly increased the dry matter intake of concentrate,total weight gain and average daily gain of goats(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the dry matter intake of roughage and total dry matter intake(P<0.05).Dietary chromium propionate and the interaction of concentrate and chromium propionate had no significant effects on total dry matter intake,total weight gain and average daily gain of goats(P>0.05).2)Dietary concentrate significantly increased the contents of acetate,propionate,isobutyrate and total volatile fatty acid in feces of goats(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the acetate/propionate(P<0.05).Dietary chromium propionate and the interaction of concentrate and chromium propionate had no significant effects on fecal fermentation parameters of goats(P>0.05).3)Dietary concentrate significantly increased the ACE index,Chao index and Shannon index in fecal flora of goats(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the Simpson index(P<0.05).Dietary chromium propionate and the interaction of concentrate and chromium propionate had no significant effects on fecal floraα-diversity indexes of goats(P>0.05).4)At the phylum level,dietary concentrate significantly increased the fecal Firmicutes relative abundance(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia in feces(P<0.05);dietary chromium propionate significantly increased the fecal Actinobacteria relative abundance(P<0.05).At the genus level,dietary concentrate significantly increased the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010,Christensenellaceae_R-7 and Prevotella_1 in feces(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the relative abundances of Ackermann and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut in feces(P<0.05);dietary chromium propionate significantly increased the fecal Bacteroides relative abundance(P<0.05).It is concluded that dietary concentrate can increase the average daily gain and total weight gain of Leizhou goats,improve the fecal fermentation parameters,increase the diversity and richness of fecal flora,but it has the risk of reducing the hindgut immune function and causing inflammation.Dietary chromium propionate can increase the relative abundance of fecal fiber degrading bacteria,and inhibite the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in intestine.The interaction effect between concentrate and chromium propionate is less.
作者
魏子维
池宙
邓铭
田汉晨
钟春梅
孙宝丽
郭勇庆
WEI Ziwei;CHI Zhou;DENG Ming;TIAN Hanchen;ZHONG Chunmei;SUN Baoli;GUO Yongqing(College of Animal Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Hua Wei Yang Livestock Co.,Ltd.,Heyuan 517379,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第10期5781-5793,共13页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
广东省畜禽地方品种保护与开发利用提升工程(2018-143)
广东省现代农业产业技术体系南方现代草牧业(羊)产业创新团队[粤农农函(2019)1019]
国家自然科学基金(31872382)
广东省自然科学基金(2019B1515210020)。
关键词
精料
丙酸铬
山羊
粪便
发酵参数
微生物区系
concentrate
chromium propionate
goats
feces
fermentation parameters
microflora
作者简介
魏子维(1997—),男,安徽滁州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为反刍动物营养和健康养殖。E-mail:1275981106@qq.com;通信作者:孙宝丽,副教授,硕士生导师,E-mail:baolisun@scau.edu.cn;通信作者:郭勇庆,讲师,硕士生导师,E-mail:yongqing@scau.edu.cn。
