自由转专业政策如何影响学生的转专业行为——基于院系间学生流动的视角被引量：13

How Does the Policy of Freely Changing Majors Affect Students’Behavior of Changing Majors——Based on the Perspective of Interdepartmental Student Flow

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摘要转专业政策是高校为弥补现行高考志愿填报方式的不足、为学生提供二次选择专业机会的政策。目前,各高校转专业政策存在门槛较高限制较大等问题。某所“双一流”A类高校为尊重学生兴趣,调整了转专业政策,取消了专业转出限制。研究以该校转专业政策作为自然实验,选择2013—2018年转专业行政数据,以及2016—2017级新生基线及追踪调查数据进行分析,所得结论如下:反向双重差分结果表明,取消专业转出限制显著增加了申请转专业的学生比例,但对于成功率则没有明显影响,即学生转专业的竞争压力并未降低;取消专业转出限制后,理科和工科为净流出学科,人文学科属于流入和流出持平的学科,经济管理和社会科学为净流入学科,但实施改革第二年时这种净流入和净流出规模都在变小,并未出现“热门院系更热,冷门院系更冷”现象。逻辑斯谛回归模型结果表明,由于政策仅取消了转出要求,未取消院系的转入要求,因此“对专业没有兴趣且能取得优异成绩的学生才更有机会转专业”的悖论依然存在。 The policy of changing majors is a policy that colleges and universities provide students with a second chance to choose majors in order to make up for the deficiency of the current way of filling in the college entrance.At present,there are some problems in the policy of changing majors in colleges and universities,such as higher threshold and greater restrictions.In order to respect students’interests,a double first-class A university adjusts their policy of changing majors and cancels the restrictions on changing majors out.This study selects the administrative data in 2013-2018,the freshmen baseline data in 2016-2017 and the data of tracking survey to analyze the university’s policy of changing majors,and the conclusions are as follows:the difference-in-differences in reverse results show that the policy of canceling the restriction of changing majors out significantly increases the proportion of students’applying for changing majors,but it has no obvious influence on the success rate,that is,the competitive pressure of students’changing majors has not decreased;after the restrictions on changing majors out are removed,science and engineering are disciplines of net outflow,humanities are disciplines of equal inflow and outflow,and economic management and social sciences are disciplines of net inflow;however,in the second year after the implementation of the reform policy,the net inflow and net outflow are becoming smaller,and there is no phenomenon of“hot departments are hotter,cold departments are colder”.The results of logistic regression model show that because this policy only cancels the requirements of transfer out,but does not cancel the transfer in requirements of colleges and departments,the paradox of“students who are not interested in majors and can achieve excellent results are more likely to change majors”still exists.

作者马莉萍张心悦 MA Liping;ZHANG Xinyue(Institute of Educational Economics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Graduate School of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区北京大学教育经济研究所北京大学教育学院

出处《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2021年第4期93-103,共11页 Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基金北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2018年度重点课题“首都高校‘大类招生、专业分流’机制及其实施效果研究”[AAAA18015]。

关键词转专业专业兴趣专业选择学生流动反向双重差分逻辑斯谛回归模型 change majors major interest major choice student mobility difference-in-differences in reverse logistic regression model

分类号 G649.21 [文化科学—高等教育学]

作者简介马莉萍,北京大学教育经济研究所副教授,博士生导师;张心悦,北京大学教育学院博士研究生。