摘要
改革开放以来,中国的经济社会发展政策与年龄结构转型所开启的人口机会窗口高度匹配,适时将人口优势转化为经济优势,先行收获资源型人口红利;同时中国的人力资本水平亦在快速提升,资本型人口红利的机会窗口已然开启,资源型和资本型人口红利在改革开放进程中交织并行。改革开放至今的经济奇迹,以资源型人口红利为主导,伴随着资本型人口红利的孵化和快速成长,探索出新时代人口与可持续发展的实践圭臬,即立足经济转型的基本事实,继续深化改革和扩大开放,在健康和教育变革、人力开发和利用、城镇和乡村建设等方面适时配套相宜政策,推动人口红利由资源型主导向资本型主导转变。
Since the Reform and Opening Up,China’s economic and social development policies closely match the demographic opportunity window opened by the transformation of the age structure,having timely turned the demographic advantages into economic ones,while acquiring the resource-based demographic dividend in advance.Meanwhile,as the level of human capital also rose rapidly in China,the opportunity window of the capital-based demographic dividend was already opened,and the capital-based and the resource-based demographic dividends existed simultaneously in the process of the Reform and Opening Up.China’s economic miracle created since the Reform and Opening Up was led by the resource-based demographic dividend.As the capital-based demographic dividend was incubated and grew rapidly,the practical standards of population and sustainable development in the new era were explored and revealed.These standards were based on the principal facts of economic transformation,and further deepened the Reform and Opening up.They helped formulate appropriate policies in health and education,human development and utilization,as well as in urban and rural construction.Likewise,they promoted the transformation of the demographic dividend from a resource-based pattern to a capital-based one.
作者
原新
金牛
Yuan Xin;Jin Niu
出处
《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期31-40,共10页
Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金专项项目(19VXK07)
国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA120)。
关键词
人口转变
人口机会窗口
人口红利
人力资源
人力资本
Demographic Transition
Demographic Opportunity Window
Demographic Dividend
Human Resources
Human Capital
作者简介
原新,南开大学经济学院(天津300071)教授,博士生导师,主要从事人口老龄化、人口与经济、人口政策研究;金牛,南开大学经济学院博士生,主要从事人口经济学、教育经济学研究。
