摘要
例是明代法律体系的重要组成部分。明初基于卫所建设之需,在历代军妻随军经验基础上,于洪武二十四年首次颁布军人携妻同往卫所的事例,属“权宜之法”,但并未严格执行。正统元年,因卫所逃军不断增加,国家出台“佥妻”例并列入《军政条例》,实现了从“权宜之法”到“常法”的转变。正德年间,该例又被《大明会典》吸纳,进入国家“大法”系统。“佥妻”例在司法实践中出现了假妻、强买妻等诸多社会弊症,国家为此不断细化其操作程序。在“佥妻”例行用过程中,文官与管军部门因各自立场不同而时有争论,但基于军妻有稳固卫所的作用,即使弊端丛生,终明之世仍在延续。“佥妻”例演变的轨迹在明代法律中具有一定的普遍意义,揭示了法律在行用中因应时势而调整的动态性。
Given the experience regarding military spouses and dependents throughout prior generations during the early Ming Dynasty,and for the purpose of establishing garrisons,the policy of bringing wives into garrisons was fi rst launched in the 24th year of Emperor Hongwu’s reign.At the time,this policy was expedient,and its enforcement was not strict.In the fi rst year of the Zhengtong period,due to increasingly many deserters,the qianqi clause(referring to a woman who accompanies her exiled husband)was added to the Itemized Precedents of Military Administration,transforming this expedient measure into a formal regulation.During the Zhengde period,the clause was absorbed into the Da-Ming Huidian,becoming a part of the national law system.During its judicial practice,the phenomenon of taking fake wives and buying wives created various social problems.Adjustments to the enforcement of this law were issued by the imperial government to solve such problems.Among the interactions between central and local authorities over enforcing the qianqi policy,civil service and military departments had disputes due to their differing positions.Based on the role of military spouses in consolidating garrisons,however,the clause continued even after the end of the Ming Dynasty,despite the disadvantages brought about by its enforcement.The evolution of qianqi clause refl ects a universal phenomenon of the Ming Dynasty’s laws,which in its enforcement reacted to the trend of times and evolved dynamically.
作者
刘正刚
高扬
Liu Zhenggang;Gao Yang
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期98-118,M0005,M0006,共23页
Historical Research
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“明清孤本法律典籍整理与研究”(16ZDA125)阶段性成果。
作者简介
刘正刚,暨南大学古籍研究所教授;高扬,暨南大学古籍研究所博士研究生。广州510632。
