摘要
十六国时期的依附关系继续发展。社会动乱虽然改变了内迁少数民族部民依附化的形式,但并没有改变其依附化的本质。南匈奴所建汉国,配宗室诸王以营兵,是依附关系在少数民族政权军队中发展的表现。前燕的所谓"军封",把分封制与依附关系结合起来,使许多少数民族部民成为慕容鲜卑贵族的依附民,进一步促进了依附关系的发展。后秦的营户虽不称军封,但性质是一样的。它们的共同点是,军营的将领荫占营户,营户是军营将领的依附民,而不属于州郡。不同点是,前、后燕的营户是国家授予的,是得到制度认可的;而后秦的营户形成于乱世,国家事后才认可的。营户不是前、后燕和后秦所特有的,而是十六国普遍存在的。十六国这种依附关系的新形式,使十六国时期依附关系的发展走上一个新的阶段,从而对十六国时期依附关系的发展作用不可低估,它在改造内迁少数民族的社会结构和重塑少数民族面貌等方面发生了深远的影响。
Relations of dependence in the Sixteen States in ancient China continued development. The social unrest changed the forms of dependence of minority people moving in, but didn＇t change the nature of their dependence. The relations of dependence were reflected in the minority troop in the Han State established by the South Xiongnu （ an ancient nationality in China）. The so called ＂military grant＂ in the Pre-Yan State, combining the relations of dependence with enfeoffment system, made many minority become the dependence people of Murong and Xianbei nobles, which further promoted development of the relations of dependence. Yinghu in the Later Qing was not called as military grant, but nature was same. Their common point is ： officers in the troop have Yinghu protectively, who was a dependent person of the officer and not belonged to the local government. Their different point is ： Yinghu of the Pre-and-Later Yan was granted by state and identified by the government; while Yinghu of the Later Qing was formed in unrest society, and identified by the government later. Yinghu existed generally in the Sixteen States. As the relations of dependence developed to a new stage, its function of development could not be looked down. It had a great influence to reform social structure of minority moving in and to re -set up a society of the minority.
出处
《华侨大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2008年第1期92-99,共8页
Journal of Huaqiao University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)
关键词
十六国
军封
营户
依附关系
the period of the Sixteen States
military grant
Yinghu
relations of dependence
作者简介
陈琳国（1943-），福建龙海人，教授，博士生导师，主要从事中国古代民族史、魏晋南北朝史研究。
