摘要
对20世纪90年代以来美国就业结构和不同行业的技能溢价的考察表明,美国就业市场的极化主要表现为:依赖于人的创造性和人际互动的高技能工作与不可化约为机器操作的低技能工作两者的就业份额上升,与此同时,常规性体力和脑力劳动日益减少;而高低技能行业之间的技能溢价也在长期内保持着较高的比值。但这种极化与高技能溢价并存的现象并不能否定去技能化理论,而是说明去技能化在不同的技术-经济范式下呈现出不同的结构性特征,常规性体力和脑力劳动的日益减少,体现了对此类工作的成功去技能化,而因为无法实现对高度依赖于认知、互动和创造的高技能工作的去技能化,因此出现了资本对此类劳动的妥协和同化。
As shown by a survey of the employment structure and skill premium of different industries of the United States since the 1990s,the polarization of the US employment market is mainly manifested as:the employment share of high-skill jobs relying on human creativity and interpersonal interaction and low-skill jobs that cannot be reduced into machine operations has increased,while routine physical and mental labor are increasingly declining;and the skill premium between high-skill and low-skill industries has maintained a high ratio in the long term.However,this phenomenon of coexistence of polarization and high-skill premium cannot deny the de-skilling theory,but indicates that the de-skilling shows different structural characteristics under different technology-economy paradigms.The increasing decline in routine labor and mental labor indicates successful de-skilling of such work.However,since deskilling of high-skill work highly relying on perception,interaction and creation cannot be achieved,it shows capital's compromise and assimilation of such labor.
作者
杨虎涛
冯鹏程
Yang Hutao;Feng Pengcheng
出处
《当代经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第10期50-63,F0002,F0003,共16页
Contemporary Economic Research
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AJL004)
国家社会科学基金重大项目(20ZD014)。
作者简介
杨虎涛(1969-),男,湖北武汉人,中国社会科学院经济研究所研究员、博士生导师,主要从事外国经济思想史研究;冯鹏程(1989-),男,安徽宿州人,西南财经大学经济学院讲师,主要从事政治经济学研究。
