中小学临聘教师的管理困境与突破路径被引量：16

Temporary Teachers at Primary and Secondary Schools:Managerial Dilemmas and Problem-Solving Approaches

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摘要临聘教师指从事教学工作的非在编聘任制专任教师,其产生与教师编制约束政策下的教师缺口紧密相关。随着城镇化的推进和教育教学改革的深入,教师队伍供给不平衡、不充分问题凸显,表现出临时性短缺、区域性短缺、增量性短缺、挤压性短缺、偏好性短缺、占用性短缺和门槛性短缺等结构性特征,逐渐退出的代课教师以各种临聘教师的形式重现中小学校园。临聘教师虽然确保了一些学校的教育教学活动正常运转,满足了教师需要,但临聘教师频繁流动影响教学活动的稳定性,聘用签约形式多样、教师身份不明,聘用标准缺乏统一规范,劳动关系模糊等仍然存在一些管理困境及风险。管理好、规范好、使用好临聘教师,是深化中小学教师队伍建设改革中一个不可忽视的问题。这既要提高教师编制的使用效率,科学核定教师编制,避免教师结构性短缺,又要规范管理好临聘教师,合理控制使用范围和比例,完善临聘教师权益保障机制,避免临聘教师重复过去传统"代课教师"的老路。 The existence of temporary teachers,those non-staffed full-time teachers,is closely related to the shortage of teachers owing to the teacher quotas policy.With the advancement of urbanization and the deepening of the educational reform,the teaching force finds its structural imbalance,characterized by temporary shortage,regional shortage,incremental shortage,squeezed shortage,preference-oriented shortage,occupancy-based shortage,and threshold-based shortage.Thus,substitute teachers,who gradually disappeared,reappear in the position of temporary teachers in primary and secondary schools.Although temporary teachers ensure the regular teaching activities in some schools and meet the needs for teachers,their frequent mobility affects the stable teaching activities,and there are still managerial dilemmas and risks owing to various forms of recruitment and contract signing,their ambiguous identity,lack of a unified standard for recruitment,and the unclear labor management relations.The efficient management,standardization,and employment of temporary teachers is an unneglectable problem in the reform of the building of schoolteachers.We need not only to improve the efficiency in the use of teacher quotas by scientifically approving the staff size of teachers and avoiding their structural shortage,but also to standardize the management of temporary teachers,rationally control their scope and proportion,improve the mechanism for the protection of their rights and interests,and avoid their repeating the old practice of traditional"substitute teachers."

作者安雪慧 An Xuehui(the Regional Development Research Department,the National Center for Education Development Research,Ministry of Education of the PRC,Beijing 100816)

机构地区教育部教育发展研究中心区域发展研究部

出处《教育研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2020年第9期127-134,共8页 Educational Research

关键词临聘教师教师队伍教师编制教师管理 temporary teacher teaching staff teacher quotas teacher management

分类号 G635.1 [文化科学—教育学]

作者简介安雪慧,教育部教育发展研究中心区域发展研究部主任、研究员。