摘要
在国内非洲研究中,最常用的人群概念为部落、部族、族群与民族,在具体使用过程中存在普遍的混用、误用与乱用现象,造成理解上的偏差。为了扭转这种情况,需要从三个角度对这些概念进行辨析与定位,即部落、族群与民族在西文语境中的内涵与演变,部族在中文语境下的特殊表达,以及非洲语境下人们对这些概念的接受度。通过这样的分析,各概念大致呈现了自洽的属性与意义:部落是20世纪60年代前人群的主流概念,因其“过时”而慎用;中文语境中的部族,因难以对应非洲具体情况而弃用;20世纪60年代开始,族群逐渐取代部落,被用来指称非洲国家基本的人群构成单位(如南非的祖鲁人、卢旺达的图西人等);民族指非洲各国的国族(如南非人、卢旺达人等)。
In domestic African studies,the most commonly used concepts of people include tribe,Buzu,ethnic group and nation.However,there exists such a phenomenon as random use and misuse of those concepts,which results in misunderstanding.In order to reverse this situation,it is necessary to discriminate and define these concepts from three perspectives:the connotation and evolution of concepts involving tribe,ethnic group and nation in the context of Western languages;the specific referent of the concept of Buzu in Chinese context;the acceptance of these concepts in African context.Through such an analysis,every concept will generally present its self-consistent attribute and meaning.Tribe,which was the mainstream concept of people before the 1960s,should be carefully used because it is"outdated".The concept of Buzu in Chinese context should be abandoned due to the lack of its counterpart in African context.Since the 1960s,ethnic group,instead of tribe,has gradually been used to refer to the basic unit of people in African countries(such as the Zulus in South Africa,the Tutsis in Rwanda,etc.),while nation refers to the state-nation of African countries(such as South Africans,Rwandans,etc.).
出处
《世界民族》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期77-88,共12页
Journal of World Peoples Studies
基金
浙江省社科规划课题“非洲人类学演进史研究”(18NDJC253YB)阶段性成果。
作者简介
蒋俊,副研究员,浙江师范大学非洲研究院,浙江金华,321004。
