恩格斯习惯法思想研究被引量：1

A Study on Friedrich Engels’ Thought of Customary Law

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摘要从总体上看,恩格斯主要根据婚姻家庭关系和社会组织类型的嬗变这两条线索来叙述习惯法生成及变迁的一般历史。他根据人类学家的调查,结合自身观察,对各民族婚姻家族关系及社会组织类型的嬗变进行了考察。在此基础上,他认为习惯法生成及变迁的原因按其重要性程度由大到小依次有:经济关系和生产方式、集团利益、社会组织结构、历史文化传统、地理和交通条件、军事征服和殖民统治等六大因素。前四大因素是习惯法生成及变迁的内因,后两大因素是习惯法生成及变迁的外因。四大内因中,经济关系和生产方式、集团利益、社会组织结构、历史文化传统分别是习惯法生成及变迁的基础性内因、导向性内因、支配性内因和观念性内因。两大外因中,地理和交通条件、军事征服和殖民统治分别是习惯法生成及变迁的空间性外因和强制性外因。恩格斯之所以关注习惯法,是因为他发现它们拥有建设共产主义新社会所需要的财产公有制、政治民主制和自由、平等、团结、秩序等精神。当然,他也清醒地认识到,由于特定时代的经济关系、生产方式及社会组织结构的制约,习惯法必然带有自然思维和部落思维等缺陷。 Generally speaking,Engels mainly describes the general history of the formation and change of national customary law based on the two threads including marriage and family relations and the evolution of the types of social organizations.He investigated the evolution of marriage family relations and social organizations of various ethnic groups by combining the investigation of anthropologists with his personal observation and experience.On such basis,he believed that the reasons for the formation and change of national customary law were as follows:economic relations and mode of production,group interests,social organizational structure,historical and cultural traditions,geographical and transportation conditions,military conquest and colonial occupation etc..The first four elements are the internal causes of the formation and change of national customary law,and the latter two factors are the external causes of the formation and change of national customary law.Among the four internal causes,economic relations and mode of production,group interests,social organization structure and historical and cultural tradition are the basic,guiding,dominant and conceptual internal causes of the formation and change of national customary law,respectively.Among the two external causes,geographical and transportation conditions,military conquest and colonial rule are the spatial,mandatory external causes of the formation and change of national customary law,respectively.The reason for Engels being concerned about national customary laws is due to the reason that he found they had the spirit of property public ownership,political democracy and freedom,equality,unity,and order required for forming up of a communist new society.Of course,he is also clearly aware that due to constraints of economic relations,mode of production and social organizational structure in a specific era,national customary law must carry legacies of deficiencies of natural thinking and tribal thinking mentality.

作者李可 LI Ke(School of Law,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830047)

机构地区新疆大学法学院

出处《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》 CSSCI 北大核心 2020年第1期27-36,共10页 Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基金 2016年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“民间规范与地方立法研究”(16ZDA069)阶段性成果之一.

关键词恩格斯习惯法生成变迁现代价值 Engels national customary law fcrmation vicissitude modern value

分类号 D909.1 [政治法律—法学理论]

作者简介李可(1975—),男,湖南武冈人。新疆大学教授,博士,主要从事习惯法研究。