试论中华民族交融的历史规律性——以汉唐时期东北各族群认同发展、嬗变过程为例

On the Historical Patterns of the Integration of the Chinese Nation:Development and Evolution of Identity as the Ethnic Groups in Northeast China in the Han and Tang Dynasties

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摘要中华民族作为历史上一个自在的民族实体,由各族群长期交往、交流、交融而形成。以汉唐时期东北各族群认同发展、嬗变过程为例,可以看到,中华民族交融史呈现出一系列规律性特征:族群兴起、发展历程与政治体演进历程之间,既有紧密的关联性,又有明显的差异性;进入史书记载的各种族称,首先往往是族类群体;与中原王朝或者其他周边强大政治势力的交往、交流是族类群体族群意识不断强化的重要动力;政治体建立以后,对于族群认同强化具有关键性作用;华夏周边区域性政权对本区域多元族群整合发挥了主导作用;政治体消亡才是族群认同嬗变的基本前提;中华民族交往、交流与交融既是两个阶段,又有机衔接,从历史长时段看,已然形成生生不息的中华民族交往、交流、交融的历史取向,正是这种历史规律性塑造了历史时期自在的中华民族。 The Chinese nation,as a being-in-itself ethnic entity in history,has been shaped through long-term interactions,exchanges,and integration among various ethnic groups in China.For example,the development and evolution of identity of the ethnic groups in Northeast China during the Han and Tang dynasties show that the history of Chinese ethnic integration presents a series of regular features.There was both a close correlation and significant differences between the rise and development of ethnic groups and the evolution of political systems.At the beginning,an ethnic name recorded in historical books often was an ethnic category.The interaction and communication with the Central Plains dynasties or other powerful political forces in the surrounding areas were important driving forces for the continuous strengthening of ethnic consciousness within the ethnic category.After the establishment of a political system,it played a crucial role in strengthening its ethnic identity.The regional regimes around Huaxia had played a leading role in the integration of diverse ethnic groups in the region.The extinction of political entities was the fundamental prerequisite for the transformation of ethnic identity.The processes of communication,exchange,and integration of the Chinese nation were not only two stages,but also effectively connected.From a long-term historical perspective,a continuous historical orientation of communication,exchange,and integration of the Chinese nation had been formed.It is precisely this historical pattern that shapes the being-in-itself Chinese nation in different historical period.

作者范恩实 FAN Enshi

机构地区中国社会科学院大学中国社会科学院中国历史研究院中国边疆研究所

出处《延边大学学报（社会科学版）》 2024年第4期22-31,140,共11页 Journal of Yanbian University：Social Sciences Edition

基金中国社会科学院重大创新项目(2023YZD038) 中国社会科学院“登峰战略”资助优势学科“中国边疆史”项目(DF2023YS20)

关键词中华民族交融族群认同历史规律性 the Chinese nation integration identities of ethnic groups historical patterns

分类号 C95 [社会学—民族学] K234 [历史地理—中国史] K242 [历史地理—中国史]

作者简介范恩实,中国社会科学院大学教授,博士生导师,中国社会科学院中国历史研究院中国边疆研究所研究员。