摘要
为了全面展现公共政策长期变迁中间断与均衡共存的样态,系统分析变迁过程的机制和推动变迁发生的动力,本文在间断-均衡框架和政策范式有机结合基础上建构了公共政策变迁分析框架。运用文献计量法、内容分析法和访谈等多种方法,对1978—2018年上海市科技创新政策的变迁逻辑进行了客观梳理和系统剖析,实证检验公共政策变迁分析框架的有效性。研究发现:(1)政策变迁阶段的划分以政策总体性目标为主要标志,结合关键事件和政策数量等因素能够更加准确地判断变迁节点。(2)政策变迁的作用机制体现为不同场域的行动者运用其资源能力和价值信念,维持或改变政策目标和形象、调整政策工具及其设置,政策由均衡走到间断再回到均衡的循环性变迁。(3)推动政策变迁及范式转换的动力主要是多元行动者的价值理念及其相互作用。该分析框架拓展了间断-均衡和政策范式两种理论框架的解释力,对于西方政策变迁理论与中国实践结合的深化研究具有启示意义。
The objective of this paper is to illustrate the punctuated and equilibrium coexistence in the longterm change of public policy,and examine the mechanism of the change process and the driving force of the change under the background of complex and ambiguous policy process.An integrated framework which combines the discontinuous-equilibrium and the policy paradigm is established for theoretical framework.Based on this,a case study of the science and technology innovation policy in Shanghai from 1978 to 2018 is used for testing the effectiveness of the framework,literature measurement,content analysis and interview are employed in this research process.The research finds that the overall policy objective is the main indicator of the policy change,key events and the number of policies should be used as supporting evidence;Policy changes occur as diverse actors use their ideas and capabilities to maintain or change policy objectives and images,and to adjust policy instruments and their settings.The key driving force for policy change and paradigm shift is the value concept of multiple actors and their interaction with each other.However,the main limitation is that the role of the media and the general public in this case is rarely mentioned in relevant policy texts,key events,and expert interviews.The effect of these two groups on policy change cannot be underestimated,and more attention is needed in the future research.In addition,the applicability of the framework of this paper to a wider range requires more case verification.This paper illustrates the value of our framework by showing how it helps explain the characteristics of the stages of policy change,and how the interaction of actors and their ideas influence policy change.By integrating the two theoretical frameworks,discontinuous-equilibrium and policy paradigm,it adds value to the policy change research in terms of combining western theory with Chinese practice in the future.
作者
孟溦
张群
Meng Wei;Zhang Qun(School of Public Administration,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062,China)
出处
《公共管理学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期1-11,164,共12页
Journal of Public Management
基金
上海市2018年度“科技创新行动计划”软科学研究重点项目(18692100200)。
关键词
政策变迁
间断均衡
政策范式
框架构建
科技创新
Policy Change
Punctuated-Equilibrium
Policy Paradigm
Framework Construction
Science and Technology Innovation
作者简介
孟澈(1970-),女,毕业于英国肯特大学,博士,华东师范大学公共管理学院教授,研究方向:科技创新政策;通讯作者:张群(1992-),女,华东师范大学公共管理学院行政管理博士研究生,研究方向:科技创新、政策分析,E-mail:52184403001@stu.ecnu.edu.cn。
