摘要
违法性认识不宜作为故意的要素,它只是责任的要素,如此安排符合依法治国的公共利益。之所以有人将违法性认识作为故意的要素,乃是受制于"结果无价值论"之视域,而忽略了学说梳理,进而遗漏了日本刑法乃至苏联刑法之母国(德国)的史料。在立法技术逐步成熟的当下,将违法性认识排除出故意的范畴,能够满足社会发展对于刑事政策的需求。它在法政策上明确宣示:惯犯、激情犯之类的法冷漠者不得借口"不知法律"而豁免故意犯罪的刑罚。这不仅保障了崇法、守法者的合理信赖,对欺诈者产生威慑,而且激活了刑法条文本身的教育功能,贯彻了刑事诉讼中公民教育的目的,减轻了国家普法的成本。至于"不知法者,仍有故意"所存在的疑问,在既有的刑法理论上,均已经得到了妥当的回答。
Awareness of unlawfulness ought not to be an element of intent. It is merely an element of culpability. This is in compliance with the public interest of law-based governance. The reason why someone thinks that awareness of unlawfulness is an element of intent is that he is subjected to the theory of " resultoriented wrongdoing" and neglects the theoretical combing,and thus omits historical data of German Criminal Law,which is a model for the Japanese and even Soviet Criminal Law. In current situation that the technic for legislation is better than before,the exclusion of awareness of unlawfulness from the domain of intent could meet the need of social development concerning criminal policy. It explicitly declares in the legal policy that those perpetrators,who are indifferent towards the legislation,such as habitual offenders and passion offenders,could not use " ignorance of law" as an excuse to avoid the punishment of an intentional crime.This does not only safeguard the reasonable trust of law-abiding citizens,produce deterrence against deceivers,but also activates the educational function of the criminal provisions themselves,which meets the aims of public education in the criminal process and reduces the cost of legal education burdened by the state.The existing questions about the principle of " ignorantia juris non excusat" have already answered according to current criminal theories.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期111-121,共11页
Political Science and Law
基金
2017年度中国人民大学科学研究基金项目“刑法中归责判断的法理研究”(项目编号:2017030104)的阶段性成果。
关键词
违法性认识
故意说与责任说
构成要件要素
刑事政策
Awareness of Unlawfulness
the Theory of Intent and Theory of Culpability
Element of Criminal Type
Criminal Policy
作者简介
蔡桂生,中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心讲师,法学博士、博士后。
