摘要
为了全面地了解古琴的制作工艺,为该类文物修复保护提供科学依据,以湖北省博物馆馆藏玉泉古琴漆膜、丝弦残片为研究对象,通过体视显微镜、电子探针、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热裂解气相色谱串联质谱仪等多种分析方法,针对古琴的微观形貌、层次结构、组成成分及髹漆工艺等方面进行研究。结果表明,该古琴的琴身部分由木胎层、漆灰层、底漆层和色漆层构成,底漆层的运用为漆灰层和漆膜颜料层起到了很好的桥梁连接作用。在玉泉琴的制作过程中,使用了垸灰髹漆工艺,以增加古琴的机械性能与防水性,同时增加其演奏效果,其漆灰层的主要物质为骨灰。FTIR结果表明琴弦为动物性纤维;此外,提取离子技术、AMDIS加Excel漆器表征系统(ESCAPE)漆膜有机质鉴定结果表明漆膜层主要由漆液、干性油和淀粉组成,且漆液来源于三大漆树种类(Rhus verniciflua、Rhus succedanea和Melanorrhoea sp.)中的Rhus verniciflua-Urushiol(漆酚)。现代表征仪器的运用在一定程度上提取了古琴所蕴含的隐匿信息,研究结果从侧面揭示了古琴的保存状态、物质组成、层次结构和髹漆工艺等特点,为出土漆器保护修复科研工作的科学化发展提供实证支撑。
In order to comprehensively understand the craftsmanship of a Guqin and also to provide a scientific basis for its restoration and conservation,we analyzed lacquer film and silk string fragments of a Guqin named“Yu Quan”made by Zhu Yuan,a famous expert of Guqin in the Yuan Dynasty.Utilizing various analytical methods,including stereomicroscopy,electron probe analysis,0x09Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FTIR),pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry etc.,we studied the micro-morphology,stratified structure,composition and lacquering technique of the Guqin.The results show that the body of the Guqin is made up of a wood body layer,a lacquer ash layer,a primer layer and a color lacquer layer.The application of the primer layer connects well the lacquer ash layer and the lacquer film layer.During the Guqin-making process,a lacquering technique utilizing a grey-painted lacquer was used to enhance the Guqin’s mechanical and waterproofing properties and also improve its playing effect.The main material of the lacquer ash layer is bone ash.FTIR showed that the strings were made from animal fibers.Furthermore,ESCAPE identification of organic matters showed that the lacquer film was composed of lacquer liquid,dry oil and starch.The lacquer liquid was probably derived from urushiol from lacquer trees(e.g.,Rhus verniciflua,Rhus succedanea and Melanorrhoea sp.).The application of modern analytical instrumentation reveals hidden information contained in the Guqin to a certain extent.This research provides information on the preservation state,material composition,stratified structure and lacquering technique of the Guqin,and can be used to guide the scientific conservation and restoration of other unearthed lacquerware.
作者
李澜
郝锌颖
杨燕
倪芳芳
LI Lan;HAO Xinying;YANG Yan;NI Fangfang(Hubei Museum,Wuhan 430077,China;Wuhan University,Wuhan430072,China)
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
北大核心
2020年第1期29-34,共6页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
关键词
元代
古琴
检测分析
漆膜
Yuan Dynasty
Guqin
Detection and analysis
Lacquer film
作者简介
李澜(1973-),女,1996年本科毕业于华中师范大学,研究馆员,研究方向为漆器保护与修复,E-mail:604303841@qq.com。
