摘要
本文利用中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)2013年的城镇和农村住户调查数据,分析了我国城乡低保政策的瞄准效率、减贫效果及低保对家庭消费支出和福祉改善的影响。结果表明:低保的瞄准效果在农村不如城市,中部地区不如东部和西部;低保对缩小贫困差距、减轻贫困程度的影响大于对降低贫困发生率的影响,低保的减贫作用受到政策瞄准误差和保障水平的约束;整体上低保家庭并没有将收入优先用于吃、穿、住、行等基本生活需求的满足,而是用于教育、健康等人力资本投资,相比非低保家庭,东部和中部的城市低保家庭倾向于将收入用于教育的投资,农村低保和中西部城市低保家庭的医疗保健支出费用更高。因此,应提高低保政策的瞄准有效性和保障水平,加强低保政策与医疗、教育等专项救助政策的衔接,逐步实现城乡统筹,确保社会救助的公平性和长效性,充分发挥低保政策的兜底保障功能。
Based on CHIP 2013 survey of urban and rural residents,the article analyzes the targeting efficiency,effect of reducing poverty and impact on household consumption expenditure and welfare improvement of the urban and rural minimum living security(Dibao)policies.The results show that the targeting efficiency of Dibao is better in urban areas than rural areas,geographically better in eastern and western than in central China.The impacts of Dibao on reducing poverty gap and the extent of poverty are greater than those on the incidence of poverty.However,the role of Dibao in poverty reduction is constrained by inaccurate targeting and the intended level of security.As a whole,the subsistence-assured families have not prioritized their income for the basic necessities of life such as food,clothing,shelter and transportation,but instead used them for investment in human capital such as education and health.Compared to households without Dibao,eastern and central urban Dibao families tend to invest their income for education,and health care costs for rural Dibao families and central and western urban Dibao families are higher.To give full play to Dibao policy's bottom-line social security function,it is necessary to improve the targeting effectiveness of Dibao policy,raise the level of security,strengthen the link between Dibao and special aid policies such as medical care and education,gradually realize the urban-rural co-ordination and ensure the fairness and long-term effectiveness of social assistance.
作者
杨穗
高琴
YANG Sui;GAO Qin
出处
《社会保障研究》
CSSCI
2019年第5期63-78,共16页
Social Security Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“我国城乡就业人员收入流动性比较研究”(15AJY006)成果
关键词
最低生活保障
收入贫困
消费支出
城乡差距
地区差异
minimum living security
income poverty
consumption expenditure
rural-urban gap
regional differences
