摘要
在社会分工精细化的时代背景下,“风险社会”特色明显,法定犯逐渐成为刑法立法、修正的主要领域。在法定犯时代,刑法及其司法实践一定程度上呈现出“行政化倾向”,刑法判断的独立属性逐渐式微。在归因论上,公安、税务、海关等行政机关经由独立或者联合司法机关等方式介入刑法解释的制定和发布,成为法定犯刑法解释背后的“实质主体”,由此直接造就法定犯入罪标准“权力垄断”的特色,刑事裁判呈现“专业依赖”的趋势。在法理上,刑法及其司法实践应避免“行政化倾向”,应当坚持作为部门法的独特判断属性。具体而言,在规范要素分析视角,应当对作为前置法的“国家规定”作体系归纳,对行为的法益侵害作实质解释,对行为人责任要素作独立性考察;在刑事裁判结论及其合理性的验证视角,可以考虑建立专家证人咨询制度、长效激活“法定刑以下判处刑罚”制度以及边际事实考察等辅助制度,确保法定犯时代的刑事裁判结论合法、合理、合情。
Under the background of the fine division of labor in the society,the characteristics of“risk society”are obvious,and the statutory offense has gradually become the main field in criminal law legislation and amendment.In the era of statutory crime,the criminal law and its judicial practice show a tendency of“being under greater administrative influence”(i.e.administrative tendency)to a certain extent,and the independent attribute of criminal law judgment is gradually declining.In attribution theory,public security,taxation,customs and other administrative organs intervene in the formulation and publication of criminal law interpretation through independent or joint judicial organs,and become the“substantive”subject behind the interpretation of criminal law of statutory offenders,thus directly creating the feature of“power monopoly”in the admission standard of statutory offenders,and the criminal judgment presents a trend towards“professional dependence”.Jurisprudentially,criminal law should avoid“administrative tendency”and adhere to the unique judgment attribute of bumenfa 部门法 (literally sectoral law).Specifically,from the perspective of normative elements analysis,we should systematically summarize the“state regulations”as pre-law codes,explain the infringement of legal interests of acts in essence,and examine the elements of liability of actors independently;from the perspective of verification of the conclusion and rationality of criminal judgments,we can consider establishing expert witness consultation system and activating the system of“sentencing below statutory penalty”in a long-term way.The auxiliary system such as marginal fact investigation ensures that the conclusion of criminal judgment in the era of statutory crime is legitimate,reasonable and acceptable.
作者
沈明磊
庄绪龙
Shen Minglei;Zhuang Xulong
出处
《法治现代化研究》
2019年第4期111-126,共16页
Law and Modernization
基金
苏州大学“优秀青年学者”项目资助
关键词
法定犯时代
行政化倾向
行政前置法
辅助制度
era of statutory crime
administrative tendency
pre-judicial administrative procedures
auxiliary system
作者简介
沈明磊,江苏省高级人民法院,中国法治现代化研究院特邀研究员,法学博士;庄绪龙,苏州大学王健法学院讲师,法学博士。
