摘要
随着经济全球化和科技全球化的深入发展,科技支撑和引领的产业结构优化调整既是全球产业变革的主要趋势、当今世界各国发展经济的重要课题,也是推动和实现高质量发展的重要抓手。本文以美国、德国、英国、法国、日本和中国为研究对象,分析2000—2015年间科技大国产业结构演变的现状和特点。研究发现,科技强国产业结构演变过程中科技创新和成本效益驱动相对低端产业及其环境污染成本向外梯度转移,长期保留高端价值链产业并形成全球化品牌效应,而且产业结构趋同化发展,价值密集型、高端知识型服务业占比大,制造业与服务业高度融合是大势所趋;中国的产业结构与主要科技强国相比还存在较大差距,需要积极融入全球产业分工和资源配置体系,以科技创新、人才智力、产业政策、品牌理念助推产业结构优化升级与经济高质量发展,积极创造科技型新产业,从而服务国家创新驱动发展战略和世界科技强国建设。
With the further development of economic and technological globalization,the optimization and adjustment of industrial structure supported and led by science and technology is not only the main trend of global industrial reform,but also an important subject of economic development of all countries in today s world,and an important starting point to promote and realize high-quality development.Taking the United States,Germany,UK,France,Japan and China as research objects,this article analyzes the current situation and characteristics of the evolution of the industrial structure of science and technology powers from 2000 to 2015.Research shows that in the process of the evolution of the industrial structure of scientific and technological powers,technological innovation and cost-effectiveness drive the outward gradient transfer of relatively low-end industries and their environmental pollution costs,retain high-end value chain industries for a long time and form a global brand effect.Moreover,the industrial structure is developing towards convergence,the value-intensive and high-end knowledge-based service industry accounts for a large proportion,and it is an irresistible trend that manufacturing and service industries are highly integrated.There is still a major gap between China s industrial structure and that of major technologically developed countries.It is necessary for China to actively integrate into the global industrial division and resource allocation system,and promote the optimization of industrial structure and the development of high-quality economy with science and technology innovation,talent intelligence,industrial policy,brand concept and actively create new industries based on science and technology,in order to serve the national innovation-driven development strategy and the construction of the world s science and technology power.
作者
韩文艳
熊永兰
张志强
王恺乐
周飞
HAN Wenyan;XIONG Yonglan;ZHANG Zhiqiang;WANG Kaile;ZHOU Fei(Chengdu Library and Information Center,Chinese Academy of Science,Chengdu 610041,China)
出处
《世界科技研究与发展》
CSCD
2019年第2期193-211,共19页
World Sci-Tech R&D
基金
中科院战略研究与决策支持系统建设专项(GHJ-ZLZX-2019-31、GHJ-ZLZX-2019-43)
中科院政策调研课题(ZYS-2019-03)资助
关键词
科技强国
产业结构
演变
科技创新
scientific and technological power
industrial structure
evolution
science and technology innovation
作者简介
通讯作者:张志强,E-mail:zhangzq@clas.ac.cn.
