摘要
"天下主义"是中华各家之基本价值观,追求超乎国家观念、超越国家疆界、构建世界制度,"以天下观天下",而非"以国家观天下"。《周礼·天官冢宰》之"政制架构"不只是"治国之道",更是"平天下之道"。《礼记·王制》之"政制架构"既有封建制度、寓郡县于封建制度,又有国家制度,明显是超乎国家观念的。《荀子·王制》所谓"王者之人""王者之制""王者之论""王者之法"及其化外制度、君子制度、群分制度、有余制度等等之构想,亦均是超乎国家观念的。费孝通先生"双轨"或"一国两制"之观察局限性很大,实际上中华"天下政制"乃是"郡县制""封建制""宗藩制"混合而成之"一国三制"。贤能主义与精英主义、可持续主义与长久主义、混和主义与三极思维、文化主义与柔弱主义、天下主义与世界主义、天-君-民循环生克主义等等,乃是中华"天下政制"之价值观基础。当今世界"民族主义"与"国家主义"已趋极端,将来之发展,若不参鉴中华"天下政制"及其价值观,恐无前途。
The“Tianxiaism”,basic value for various schools of thought in China,pursues the idea beyond nation and national borders,and constructs a political system of world.It views the world as a Tianxia rather than nations.The structure of the political system in the Chapter“Offices of the Heaven on General Governance”in the Rites of Zhou is not only a way of“governing the nation”,but also a way of“pacifying the world”.The structure of the political system in the Chapter“Royal Regulations”in the Book of Rites contains both the feudal system in which the system of prefectures and counties has been combined and national systems,which is obviously beyond the idea of nation.The so-called“the man who is the king”,“the regulations of a king”,“the principles of a king”,and“the model of a king”in the Chapter“Royal Regulations”in the Xunzi and its conceptions of the systems of enlightening foreign nations and countries,of a man with noble character,of society and class divisions,and of superabounding,are also beyond the idea of nation.Mr.FEI Xiao-tong’s observation of“double tracks”or“one country with two systems”is very limited.Actually Chinese“political system of Tianxia”is“one country with three systems”,is an integration of“the system of prefectures and counties”,“the feudal system”and“the metropolitan-vassal system”.Meritocracy and elitism,sustainability and permanence,integrationalism and three-pole thinking,culturism and weakness-oriented,Tianxiaism and cosmopolitanism,and interpromoting-interrestricting circulation of the Rule,the Ruler,and the Ruled,etc.,are the value foundations of Chinese“political system of Tianxia”.In today's world,with the“nationalism”and“national suprematism”having become extreme,there is probably no future if we do not learn from Chinese“political system of Tianxia”and its contemporary value in future development.
作者
张耀南
钱爽
ZHANG Yao-nan;QIAN Shuang
出处
《北京行政学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第6期100-107,共8页
Journal of Beijing administration institute
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目(16BZX035)
关键词
天下政制
国家政制
《周礼·天官冢宰》
《礼记·王制》
《荀子·王制》
一国三制
the political system of Tianxia
the political system of a country
the Chapter“Offices of the Heaven on General Governance”in the Rites of Zhou
the Chapter“Royal Regulations”in the Book of Rites
the Chapter“Royal Regulations”in the Xunzi
one country with three political systems
作者简介
张耀南(1963-),男,北京航空航天大学人文与社会科学高等研究院教授、博士生导师;钱爽(1990-),男,比利时根特大学艺术与哲学学院博士研究生,荷兰莱顿大学人文学院博士候选人。
