摘要
北魏时期,由于农业人口不足、国家仓储匮乏、自然灾害频发、战乱连绵等诸多因素的影响,饥馑现象极为严重,对时人的正常生活、社会秩序的稳定以及赋税收入的维持等方面均造成极大的威胁。因此,国家采取多种措施加以应对。这些措施主要涵盖了救济与安抚两个层面。北魏前期,沿袭传统的救济方式,主要包括遣使巡行与开仓赈恤、移民就粟或移粟就民,同时,蠲免租赋和罢省徭役亦较为常见。及至孝文帝时期,深受儒家思想的影响,在经济救助基础上,开始注重饥民的安抚,恢复施行了前代罪己征谏与录囚减刑、收瘗尸骸与祭祀神明等政治性安抚措施,初步形成了救济与安抚并行的饥馑应对体系,对东魏、北齐乃至隋唐时期饥馑的救济安抚产生了深远影响。
Due to inadequate agricultural population,shortage of national warehouses,frequent natural disasters and continuous wars,famines were particularly serious in the Northern Wei Dynasty and posed tremendous threats to people s normal lives,the stability of the social order and the sustenance of fiscal revenue.Accordingly,various countermeasures were taken,which mainly covered two aspects of relieving and pacifying.In the early Northern Wei Dynasty,traditional ways of relieving were followed,including sending ambassadors to inspect,opening warehouses to distribute grains,distributing immigrants to food-rich areas or vice versa.Meanwhile,tax relief and reduced corvee were also common measures.During the reign of emperor Xiaowen who was influenced by Confucianism,besides economic relief,pacifying famine victims was paid attention to.The emperor s practices of self-blaming and seeking advice and inspecting and correcting legal cases and reducing sentence terms were restored just as the previous dynasties,and politically pacifying measures were taken such as burying corpses and offering tributes to the gods,which formed the initial famine coping system of both relieving and pacifying and exerted profound impacts on famine coping during the Eastern Wei,the Northern Qi,Sui and Tang Dynasties.
出处
《常州大学学报（社会科学版）》
2018年第4期80-89,共10页
Journal of Changzhou University:Social Science Edition
基金
河北省社科联社会科学发展研究一般项目"古代民居绿化研究--兼论对美丽乡村建设的启示"(201703060201)
关键词
北魏
饥馑
国家
救济
安抚
the Northern Wei Dynasty
famine
country
relieving
pacifying
作者简介
赵延旭,历史学博士,河北工程大学文法学院讲师。
