摘要
在Copeland-Taylor理论模型的基础上引入了初始的技术水平,将外商直接投资(IFDI)和对外直接投资(OFDI)的环境效应分解为规模效应、结构效应和技术效应,并引入双向FDI的交互项,利用中国34个工业行业2004—2015年的数据,采用差分GMM和系统GMM的方法对总体行业和不同行业分组情况下双向FDI对污染排放的影响进行分析,研究发现:(1)从总体来看,IFDI会增加中国工业行业的污染排放,"污染天堂"假说在中国存在;而OFDI对中国工业行业的污染排放则会起到制动作用;双向FDI交互项对污染排放的影响也显著为负,说明IFDI和OFDI的污染排放效应存在一定的替代性。(2)从产出规模分组来看,高产出规模和低产出规模组的IFDI会促进污染排放的增加;而高产出规模组的OFDI对污染排放会起到抑制作用,低产出规模组的OFDI对污染排放则起到驱动作用;低产出规模组的双向FDI交互项对污染排放的影响为负,高产出规模组双向FDI交互项对污染排放的影响则为正。(3)从要素结构分组来看,由于存在产业关联性,IFDI会促进资本密集型和劳动密集型行业污染排放增加;OFDI也会增加劳动密集型行业的污染排放,但对资本密集型行业的污染排放则会起到制动作用;而双向FDI的交互效应对劳动密集型行业污染排放的影响显著为负,对资本密集型行业污染排放的影响则显著为正。(4)从技术水平分组来看,IFDI会促进高技术组的污染排放下降,但对低技术组并无显著影响;OFDI对高技术和低技术组的污染排放会起到制动作用;双向FDI的交互项则会促进高技术和低技术组的污染排放增加。据此,本文提出如下建议:(1)在引入外商直接投资的过程中,要改变以往的引资模式,大力培育专业性的市场以引入高技术水平的绿色外资。(2)在对外直接投资方面,要以多重动机的投资导向为主,一方面加快转移污染产业,另一方面通过逆向技术溢出掌握国外绿色生产流程。(3)中国政府应积极引导双向FDI合理布局,促进双向FDI交互项对污染排放的影响由驱动转变为制动。
Based on Copeland Taylor’s theoretical model,this paper introduces the initial technical level to decomposes the environmental effects of inward foreign direct investment(IFDI)and outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)into scale effects,structural effects and technical effects,meanwhile introducing the interactive term of two-way FDI.By applying the data of China’s 34 industries from 2004 to 2015,using DIF GMM and SYS GMM method,the influences of two way FDI on pollution emission are analyzed.The results are as follows:①In general,IFDI significantly increases the pollution of China’s industry,which implies that‘pollution paradise’hypothesis exists in China.In contrast,OFDI has a significant effect on reducing pollution emissions of Chinese industrial sectors.Similar to that of OFDI,the effect of the interactive term of two-way FDI on the pollution emission is also negative.This indicates that the effect of IFDI and OFDI on pollution emissions can be potentially substituted by each other.②In terms of industry output scale,for both high level output scale group and low level output scale group,IFDI increases pollution emissions.In contrast,for low level output scale group,OFDI also increases pollution emissions,but OFDI has an inhibitory effect on pollution emissions for high level output scale group.Additionally,the effect of the interactive term of two-way FDI on the pollution emissions in the low level output scale group is significantly negative,while the effect in high output scale group is significantly positive.③In terms of the industry factor structure,for capital intensive and labor intensive industries,IFDI contributes to increasing emissions due to industrial relevance.OFDI also significantly increases pollution emissions of labor intensive industries,but it reduces the emissions of capital intensive industries.The interaction effect of two-way FDI on labor intensive industries is significantly negative,while it is positive for capital intensive industries.④In terms of industry’s technical level,IFDI significantly promotes the pollution reduction in high tech group,but with no significant impact on the low tech group.OFDI reduces the pollution emissions in both groups.The interaction term of the two way FDI promotes the increase of pollution emissions in both groups.Hereby,some suggestions are put forward:①It is necessary to change the pattern of introducing foreign direct investment and vigorously cultivate professional market to introduce foreign direct investment with high technology and green technology.②It is necessary to encourage the OFDI with multiple motives of investment.On the one hand,we need to speed up the process of transferring pollution industries outward.On the other hand,we can master green production technology of foreign country through the reverse technology spillover effect.③The Chinese government should actively promote a more reasonable distribution of two way FDI,and direct the interactive effect of two-way FDI on pollution emissions from promotion to inhibition.
作者
龚梦琪
刘海云
GONG Meng-qi;LIU Hai-yun(School of Economics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430074,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期128-138,共11页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目"双向FDI(对外直接投资)的环境效应研究"(批准号:2017WKZDJC008)
关键词
外商直接投资
对外直接投资
双向FDI
污染排放
inward foreign direct investment
outward foreign direct investment
two-way FDI
pollution emissions
作者简介
龚梦琪,博士生,主要研究方向为国际贸易学、环境经济学。E-mail:gongmq1992@163.com;通讯作者:刘海云,教授,博导,主要研究方向为国际贸易学、世界经济。E-mail:lhaiyun@mail.hust.edu.cn
