摘要
德国民事诉讼标的理论历经上百年的更替,从"实体法说"到"诉讼法说",再从诉讼法说中的"二分肢说"和"一分肢说",始终绕不开"法律效果"与"权利诉求"两个因素,两者共同构成界定"诉讼标的"内涵的两个坐标。其中,"法律效果"以实体法上的权利或法律关系为基础,以纠纷的实质解决为导向,是原告通过诉讼程序期望达到的实体法上的法律效果;"权利诉求"则立足于程序法,是原告为实现实体法上法律效果而采取的诉讼手段。由于"诉讼标的"内含的模糊性造成识别困难,德国理论界试图寻找一个能够适用于诉讼系属、诉的合并、诉的变更、既判力等各程序领域的"诉讼标的"统一概念,但始终难言成功。于是,相对诉讼标的理论悄然兴起。该理论的贡献不在于建构,而在于突破,即打破固有的"诉讼标的"概念的一体化思维模式,使其在不同诉讼语境和程序场景中呈现流动化态势,以适应不同的政策考量与解释操作需要。
The German civil procedural theory on the Subject-Matter of Dispute has been evolving from the ＂substantive law theory＂ to ＂procedural law theory＂, thereupon, from ＂two limbs＂ to ＂one limb＂ during the centuries. TWO factors, ＂legal effect＂ and ＂legal request＂, constitute the coordinates of ＂Subject-Matter of Dispute＂. The ＂legal effect＂ is based on the right or legal relationship of the substantive law, and the ＂legal request＂ takes its foothold in procedural law, it is the course of action taken by the plaintiff in order to achieve the legal effect on the substantive law. Due to the difficulty of definition caused by the ambiguity of the content of ＂Subject-Matter of Dispute＂, the German theorists tried in vain in finding a unified concept of ＂Subject-Matter of Dispute＂ which embraces the meanings of ＂Subject-Matter of Dispute＂ in lis pendens, joinder of actions, alteration of claim, res judicata etc... Therefore, the theory of relative ＂Subject-Matter of Dispute＂ is sprouting on German academia, and the major contribution of this theory does not lie in pushing the existent theory further, but in the breakthrough- a breakthrough of the ideology of the existence of an integrated and unified ＂Subject-Matter of Dispute＂, and making it a drifting concept which could be adapted to different litigation context and procedural scenarios, as to accommodate the needs of different policy considerations and interpretation practices
出处
《法学论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第6期73-81,共9页
Legal Forum
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"多数人侵权纠纷共同诉讼类型研究"(17YJC820034)
司法部中青年项目"新范式下的民事诉讼标的理论研究"(16SFB3026)的阶段性成果
关键词
诉讼标的
实体法说
诉讼法说
相对诉讼标的理论
subject-matter of dispute
substantive law theory
procedural law theory
relative theory of subject-matter of dispute
作者简介
卢佩（1986-），女，江西上高人，法学博士，对外经济贸易大学法学院讲师，主要研究方向：民事诉讼法学、证据法学、司法制度。
