摘要
[目的／意义]描述国家层面政府数据开放共享政策文本的形式和内容，反映国家政策的概貌，并指出当前政策存在的不足。[方法／过程]采用内容分析法对国家层面的政策文本进行分析。通过搜索引擎、专业数据库和政府门户网站检索政策文本，经数据清洗获得有效样本112份。利用Nvivol0对政策文本进行编码，归纳主题内容；利用Excel表格进行描述性统计，计算频次及百分比。[结果／结论]研究发现：我国政府数据开放共享政策起步较早，2015年开始政策数量迅猛增长；初步形成了贯穿数据生命周期的政策框架；国家各部门的政策为国家顶层设计奠定基础；国家在网络安全、基础设施、跨部门统筹等方面成绩斐然。但仍存在不足，表现在：政府数据开放共享的政策体系尚未形成；政府数据及其元数据缺乏统一的组织描述规范；数据创建与汇交、数据归档与保存和数据监管是薄弱环节；政府与公众互动的政策需扩展深化；政府数据开放共享全过程的质量管理政策有待建立；个人隐私保护政策需进一步具体化；政府数据知识产权政策亟待建立和完善。
[ Purpose/significance] This paper aims to describe the form and content of the policy documents of o- pening and sharing government data at the national level, reflecting the general situation of the national policy and finding out the weaknesses and gaps to promote the practice. [ Method/process] A content analysis of government policy docu- ments at the national level was＇conducted. Policy documents were coded using Nvivo10 and thematic contents were includ- ed; descriptive statistical analysis was carried out by using Excel to calculate the frequency and percentage. [ Result/con- clusion ] The study finds that ： the policy formulation of opening and sharing government data began early, and the number of policies began to grow rapidly after 2015; a policy framework based on government data lifecyele was primarily formed; some policies of departments have laid a foundation for the formation of national policies ; policies on network security, in- frastructure, cross-sectoral coordination have been published in recent two years. But there are some weaknesses and gaps： the policies of opening and sharing government data are not systematic; there＇ s no unified standard of organizing and decrypting government data and its metadata; data creation, data collection, data archiving and preservation, and data curation are weak points ; data utilization policies driven by interaction between government and public need to be expand- ed; policies of data quality involved in the whole government data process are to be established; privacy policies needs to be further specific; intellectual property of government data is urgent to establish and improve.
出处
《图书情报工作》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第20期12-25,共14页
Library and Information Service
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“面向国家大数据战略的政府数据开放共享对策研究”(项目编号:15ZDC025)研究成果之一.
作者简介
黄如花（ORCID：0000-0003-4250-1914），教授，博士生导师.
温芳芳（ORCll）：0000-0002-2022-9764），博士研究生，通讯作者，E-mail：wenhngf@126．com。
